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I praise wedlock, I praise marriage, but it is because they give me virgins.
Jerome, saint whose feast day this is; Letter XXII to Eustochium, section 20   Source

Be ever engaged, so that whenever the devil calls he may find you occupied.
Jerome

Though I was protected by the rampart of the lonely desert, I could not endure against the promptings of sin and the ardent heat of my nature. I tried to crush them by frequent fasting, but my mind was always in a turmoil of imagination.
Jerome

Reason is powerless in the expression of Love. Love alone is capable of revealing the truth of Love and being a Lover. The way of our prophets is the way of Truth. If you want to live, die in Love; die in Love if you want to remain alive.
Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (1207 - '73), Afghan Sufi poet and mystic

I silently moaned so that for a hundred centuries to come,
The world will echo in the sound of my hayhâ
It will turn on the axis of my hayhât.

Rumi; Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz-i, 562:7 (hayhâ and hayhât are corruptions of the same Persian word, meaning 'alas!', or 'woe is me')

From the moment you entered this world of existence,
A ladder was put in front of you so you could escape.
Rumi

The time for staying at home is over, It is time to enter the garden. The dawn of happiness has risen, the moment of union and vision is now.
Rumi; Diwan-e Shams-e Tabriz-i, 473

So delicate yesterday, the night-singing birds by the creek. Their words were:
You may make a jewellery flower out of gold and rubies and emeralds, but it will have not fragrance.
Rumi

Jerome by Messina

St Jerome, by Antonello da Messina (detail)

There is no 'other world.' I only know what I've experienced. You must be hallucinating.
Rumi

This being human is a guest house.
Every morning a new arrival.
A joy, a depression, a meanness,
Some momentary awareness comes
As an unexpected visitor.
Welcome and entertain them all.
Even if they're a crowd of sorrows,
Who violently sweep your house
Empty of its furniture.
Still treat each guest honourably.
He may be clearing you out for some new delight.
The dark thought, the shame, the malice,
Meet them at the door laughing,
And invite them in.
Be grateful for whoever comes,
Because each has been sent
As a guide from beyond.

Rumi

It was by my account the 30th of September, when, in the manner as above said, I first set foot upon this horrid island; when the sun, being to us in its autumnal equinox, was almost over my head; for I reckoned myself, by observation, to be in the latitude of nine degrees twenty-two minutes north of the line.
  After I had been there about ten or twelve days, it came into my thoughts that I should lose my reckoning of time for want of books, and pen and ink, and should even forget the Sabbath days; but to prevent this, I cut with my knife upon a large post, in capital letters-and making it into a great cross, I set it up on the shore where I first landed – "I came on shore here on the 30th September 1659."

Daniel Defoe; Robinson Crusoe, Chapter 4

The rainy season of the autumnal equinox was now come, and I kept the 30th of September in the same solemn manner as before, being the anniversary of my landing on the island, having now been there two years, and no more prospect of being delivered than the first day I came there, I spent the whole day in humble and thankful acknowledgments of the many wonderful mercies which my solitary condition was attended with, and without which it might have been infinitely more miserable. I gave humble and hearty thanks that God had been pleased to discover to me that it was possible I might be more happy in this solitary condition than I should have been in the liberty of society, and in all the pleasures of the world; that He could fully make up to me the deficiencies of my solitary state, and the want of human society, by His presence and the communications of His grace to my soul; supporting, comforting, and encouraging me to depend upon His providence here, and hope for His eternal presence hereafter.
Daniel Defoe, ibid, Chapter 8

Of course no writers ever forget their first acceptance...one fine day when I was 17 I had my first, second, and third, all in the same morning's mail. Oh, I'm here to tell you, dizzy with excitement is no mere phrase.
Truman Capote, US novelist, born on September 30, 1924

It is in order to shine sooner that authors refuse to rewrite. Despicable. Begin again.
From the notes of French auteur, Albert Camus, September 30, 1937

 

 

 

September 30 is the 273rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (274th in leap years), with 92 days remaining.
Last day of the year, alphabetically speaking  :)

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Celtic tree month of Gort (Ivy) commences (Sep 30 - Oct 27)

Like other Iron Age Europeans, the Celts were a polytheistic people prior to their conversion to (Celtic) Christianity. The Celts divided the year into 13 lunar cycles (months or moons). These were linked to specific sacred trees which gave each moon its name. Today commences the Celtic tree month of Gort.

Hedera, English name Ivy (plural, Ivies), is a genus of about 10 species of climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants in the Araliaceae, native in the Atlantic Islands, Europe, North Africa and across Asia east to Japan. On suitable surfaces (trees and rock faces), they are able to climb to at least 25 - 30 m above the basal ground level.

In typography, 'hedera' is the name of a horticultural dingbat shaped like an ivy leaf.

Folklore of ivy

Ivy symbolizes healing, protection, love, fidelity, cooperation and exorcism, and is the tree of resurrection. Its elemental association is water, and planetary association, Saturn. In folklore, ivy is protective of milk. Wreaths made of ivy, woodbine and rowan were placed over the lintels of cow shelters for this purpose. In Britain, the last farmer to harvest his crops was given a sheaf bound with ivy; this sheaf was called the Ivy Girl, Harvest Bride or Harvest May.

The Green Lady of Caerphilly Castle in Wales is a fairy, one of the Green Ladies (Dames Vertes) who takes on the appearance of ivy when she is not walking through the ruined castles she haunts.

In Trieste, Italy, an ivy branch hanging near a house by the roadside indicates that the dwelling is an osmizze, or wayside tavern or inn. "The Osmizze date back to the Austro-Hungaric Empire, when farmers were allowed to sell wine and other goods directly to anybody for a period of 8 days. In Slovakian language in fact, ozem means eight: from there came the name Osmizze" (Source). Similarly, English taverns used to show over their doors the sign of an ivy bush, to indicate the excellence of the beverages sold within: hence the saying 'Good wine needs no bush'. 

A man will have prophetic dreams that show his wife-to-be, by taking ten ivy leaves that were picked on October 31 (Samhain/Halloween) and placing them under his pillow. Another old tradition was to give ivy and holly to newlyweds as good-luck charms. While picking the ivy, the female says, "Ivy, ivy, I love you, In my bosom I put you, The first young man who speaks to me, My future husband he shall be".

In some parts of Athitos (Aphitos; Aphytos), Greece, on the Mediterranean, the St John's Eve custom of jumping through bonfires is sometimes called Klidonas (ivy) because the revellers do so wearing ivy crowns.

The dried young leaves of ivy may be used in a hot infusion which some say is efficacious in cases of gout, rheumatic pain, coughs, and whooping cough. Warm compresses, applied to burns and suppurating cuts, are said by some to be helpful. Culpepper wrote of the ivy: "It is an enemy to the nerves and sinews taken inwardly, but most excellent outwardly". According to the ancient English Leechbook of Bald, to remove sunburn, smear the face with tender ivy twigs boiled in butter. To aid with their addiction, alcoholics used to be advised to drink from a cup carved from ivy wood.

Ivy was sacred to the god Attis, and his eunuch priests were tattooed with a pattern of ivy leaves. According to Plutarch, to the Egyptians it was called Chenosiris, the plant of Osiris.

The holly and the ivy

"Traditionally at Christmas time a man was dressed up and covered in Holly branches and leaves, and a woman was likewise dressed in Ivy (the female counterpart of Holly). Together they would be paraded through the streets hand in hand leading the old year into the new. This is symbolic of the fertile interaction of the goddess and god during natures decline and the darkest time of the year, from which the new light of the sun-god springs forth encouraging fresh growth and renewed vegetation during the coming new year. Today the Holly King has been stylized by the figure of Santa Claus."   Source

Ivy, Hedera helixMore lore

"The eleventh moon of the Beth-Luis-Nion Celtic lunar calendar is Gort (Ivy). Ivy has long symbolized rebirth and resurrection. It is one of the two sacred plants that grows spirally (the other being Vine). The spiral, a symbol of the Goddess, gives us a visual representation of the process of reincarnation--not only from lifetime to lifetime, but from minute to minute, day to day. Vine was a moon of lessons; a moon of difficulty for many. Now, in Gort, we are given a vision of continuation. The lessons learned (and unlearned) during Vine may have thrown us asunder, losing any grasp of hope. Ivy is here to show us that all lessons and difficulties are nothing more than transitional phases, just as death is a transition from lifetime to lifetime. The desperation and frustration leading into Ivy becomes renewed hope once we see that there is light at the end of the tunnel. Life has not come to a dead end; we were simply dealing with needed lessons, and now we move on."   Source

"In England the best-known example of these leaf-clad mummers is the Jack-in-the-Green, a chimney-sweeper who walks encased in a pyramidal framework of wickerwork, which is covered with holly and ivy, and surmounted by a crown of flowers and ribbons. Thus arrayed he dances on May Day at the head of a troop of chimney-sweeps, who collect pence."
Sir James George Frazer (1854 - 1941), The Golden Bough1922, Ch. 10

"On Christmas Day or St Stephen's Day the boys hunt and kill the wren, fasten it in the middle of a mass of holly and ivy on the top of a broomstick, and on St. Stephen's Day go about with it from house to house, singing ..."
Frazer, ibid, Ch. 54

Ground ivy

[Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) is not a true ivy (in fact it is a member of the mint family) but named for its similar appearance to hedera. It is often thought of as a weed, but has many medicinal uses in the herbarium. It's diuretic, astringent, tonic and gently stimulant. Names for this plant include Alehoof, Cat's-foot, Creeping Charlie, Field Balm, Gill-over-the-ground, Haymaid, Hedgemaid, Lizzy Run-up-the-Hedge, Robin-Run-in-the-Hedge, and Tunhoof.]

Ivy folklore    American Ivy: See Virginia creeper    'Holly & The Ivy', Neopagan versions    More

 

Celtic Tree Calendar Months
Beth
 Birch  Dec 24 - Jan 20
Luis  Rowan  Jan 21 - Feb 17
Nuin/Nion  Ash  Feb 18 - Mar 17
Fearn  Alder  Mar 18 - Apr 14
Saille  Willow  Apr 15 - May 12
Huath  Hawthorn  May 13 - Jun 9
Duir  Oak  Jun 10 - Jul 7
Tinne  Holly  Jul 8 - Aug 4
Coll  Hazel  Aug 5 - Sep 1
Muin  Vine  Sep 2 - 29
Gort  Ivy  Sep 30 - Oct 27
Ngetal  Reed  Oct 28 - Nov 24
Ruis  Elder  Nov 25 - Dec 22
Secret of the Unhewn Stone Dec 23

(This is the blank day in this calendar, the one day of the year that is not ruled by a tree and its corresponding Ogham alphabet character. Its name denotes the quality of potential in all things.)


The Celtic Tree Calendar

Michael Vescoli


Celtic Astrology
Phyllis Vega

 

 

 

 

 

More at the Book of Days

Celtic Tree Month Information  

Celtic Tree Calendar - Ogham Alphabet

What is the Celtic Tree Calendar?

More on the Celtic Tree Calendar  

What is the Goddess Calendar?

  

 

Happy Meditrinalia!Feast day of Meditrinalia, Roman Empire

Today was the Meditrinalia (from Latin mederi, 'to heal'). Varro derives the name of the festival from the healing power of the new wine, but Festus says there was a goddess named Meditrina ('healer'), goddess of health, longevity and wine. It was the day on which people sampled old and new wine. It is, in fact, a harvest festival.

Meditrina roughly equated with the Greek goddess Jaso, but differed from Medetrina's sister Hygieia (they, and Panacea, were daughters of Asclepius and Salus) in that while the Greek goddess preserved good health, Meditrina's role was to restore it.

Jupiter as well, as a wine god, was honoured on this day. Feasting and games were in order for this and the next several days. September 30, October 3 and October 11 are given by some sources as the three days of the Meditrinalia.

The following verse was recited, revealing a belief (or hope) in the efficacy of wine as a medicine:

Novum vetus vinum bibo:
novo veteri morbo medeor

I drink new and old wine,
I cure new and old disease.

A ritual for Meditrinalia    Ancient Roman festivals


See also Vinalia priora; Vinalia rustica; ; Saturnalia; the Lęnaia and the Dionysian (Bacchanalian) festivities

Roman festivals and notable days in the Book of Days    Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days

 

 

 

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Tree Wisdom


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A Druid's Herbal for the Sacred Earth


Ogam: Celtic Oracle of the Trees


The Spirit of Trees


Myths of the Sacred Tree


In the Grove of the Druids

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The Illuminated Rumi

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I Want Burning: The Ecstatic World of Rumi, Hafiz, and Lalla

 

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Jerome, by DurerFeast of St Jerome, Doctor of the Church, Father of the Church

(Golden amaryllis, Amaryllis aurea, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)

Jerome (c. 340 - September 30, 420), (full name Eusebius Hieronymus Sophronius) is best known as the translator of the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin. Jerome's edition, the Vulgate, stood as the standard sacred text of Christianity for more than a milliennium, and is still the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church. He was born at Štrigova (Stridon), on the border between Pannonia and Dalmatia (near modern Ljubljana, Slovenia), in the second quarter of the 4th Century, and died near Bethlehem on September 30, 420.

During Lent, 375, Jerome faced legal charges that he preferred pagan to Christian texts. "Ciceronianus es, non Christianus," ("You are a follower of Cicero, not of Christ") said his judge.

Jerome went to Palestine in 386 and founded a monastery in Bethlehem. He translated the Bible from the original tongues into the common (Vulgate) Latin of his day (less well known is that a large part of the work was actually done by St Paula and her daughter, St Eustochium; monks erased their names and substituted the words 'learned brothers). Jerome's labours on the Vulgate lasted for 23 years, and in 1546 the Council of Trent declared it the only authentic Latin text of the Scriptures

He is often depicted in art with a lion, because of the legend that he helped a wounded lion which stayed with him as his pet. He gave the lion charge of guarding his donkey. One day, the donkey disappeared, and St Jerome scolded the animal for his negligence. The shamed lion traced down the donkey that had been stolen, retrieved it, and brought it home. He is often also depicted with a cardinal's hat because of his services to Pope Damasus I. He is usually shown as elderly, sometimes as an aged monk in the desert, or with a bible, or in his study with books around, or else as as a half-clad anchorite, with cross, skull, and Bible for the only furniture of his cell. Sometimes in art, Jerome is depicted by the side of St Augustine of Hippo, St Ambrose, and Pope Gregory I.

Jerome and the Apocalypse

According to medieval legend, Jerome prophesied 15 signs to precede the end of world:

The first day the sea was to rise as a wall higher than the hills; the second, to disappear entirely; on the third, great fishes were to rise from it, and 'yore hideously;' the fourth, the sea and all waters were to be on fire; the fifth, a bloody dew was to fall on all trees and herbs; on the sixth, churches, cities, and houses were to be thrown down; the seventh, the rocks were to be rent; the eighth, an earthquake; on the ninth, the hills and valleys were to be made plain; on the tenth, men who had hidden themselves in the caves were to come out mad; the eleventh, the dead should arise; the twelfth, the stars were to fall; the thirteenth, all men should die and rise again; on the fourteenth, earth and heaven should perish by fire; and the fifteenth would see the birth of the new heaven and new earth (Source).

Jerome is a patron of archaeologists, archivists, Bible scholars, librarians, libraries, schoolchildren, students and translators and interpreters.

"In 382 he was summoned to Rome to be secretary and one possible successor to Pope Damasus. But during his short three-year stint there, Jerome offended the pleasure-loving Romans with his sharp tongue and blunt criticism. As one historian put it, 'He detested most of the Romans and did not apologize for detesting them.' He mocked the clerics' lack of charity ('I have not faith and mercy, but such as I have, silver and gold—that I don't give to you either'), their vanity ('The only thought of such men is their clothes—are they pleasantly perfumed, do their shoes fit smoothly?'), their pride in their beards ('If there is any holiness in a beard, nobody is holier than a goat!'), and their ignorance of Scripture ('It is bad enough to teach what you do not know, but even worse ... not even to be aware that you do not know')."   Source

Images of Jerome    More

 

Hekate, or Hecate
"The last day of each month is sacred to the Goddess Hekate. In ancient times, worshippers would leave a 'Hecate's Supper' with specially prepared foods as offerings to Hecate. The offerings were also gifts to appease the restless ghosts, called apotropaioi by the Greeks. These offerings are best prepared for the goddess on the eve of the new moon, to be left behind at crossroads at night, without looking back."
   Source

 

Feast day of St Antoninus of Piacenza

Feast day of St Conrad of Urach

Feast day of St Frederick Albert

Feast day of St Gregory, bishop, surnamed Apostle of Armenia, and the Illuminator

Feast day of St Honorius (Honoratus), Archbishop of Canterbury

Feast day of St Sophia

Feast day of St Tancred

Feast day of St Torthred

Feast day of St Tova

Shop Saints

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Pack Rag Day
Today is the day on which, traditionally, English servants left one job to take another, packing their belongings with them.

Maîtresse Délai (a very important mystčre who 'walks' with the hoin´tor: the voodoo tambourine player), Voudon (Voodoo)   Source

Oktoberfest (Sep 20 - Oct 5)

Festival of Tereteth, Goddess of the Coconut Toddy, Yap Island, the Carolines, Micronesia

Feast of Soma, the God of Ambrosia and Immortality, India

Festival of Maheo, God of the Void, Cheyenne Indians, Western Plains states, USA
Maheo, god of the Plains Indians, he who existed before existence itself. He is the creative essence of the universe. (Source of date unknown.)

"He started with a beakful of mud from a coot. So of course he made the rest of the birds first, then some sea and eventually a turtle to rest the world on."   Source

"The highest and most sacred of the Cheyenne spirits is Maheo, manifested in the Sun and the Moon and in the spirits of cardinal directions , who are in turn represented by such lesser manifestations as the rain spirit: Hoimaha and Nemevota."   Source

More

 

Rabbits on the last day of the month
In the 1920s, there was a custom in the UK to say the word 'rabbit' three times when going to bed on the last day of the month. The superstition did not end there: on rising, the person was to say 'hare' three times. However, sources differ on this point, with one saying that the words 'rabbit, rabbit, rabbit', and not 'hare' should be said on the morning of the month's first day ...

Read more at Wilson's Almanac http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/ed4.html

 

Independence Day, Botswana  (1966)

Agricultural Reform (Nationalization) Day, Săo Tomé and Príncipe

Public holidays in Săo Tomé and Príncipe

International Translation Day
St Jerome's Day, as International Translation Day is commonly known, is celebrated on September 30.

 

 

 

On which day of the week were you born? Find out here

1207 Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi (d. December 17, 1273), Persian-language poet, jurist, theologian and teacher of Sufism, born in Balkh (then a city of Greater Khorasan, now part of Afghanistan). The year 2007 was declared as the 'International Rumi Year' by UNESCO.

800th Anniversary of the Birth of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi

1227 Pope Nicholas IV (d. 1292)

 

1627 Birth date of fictional character Robinson Crusoe, according to Daniel Defoe (who should know). His adventures were based on the true story of Alexander Selkirk. September 30 is also the day that Robinson first set foot on his "horrid island" in 1659.

Robinson Crusoe, available freely at Project Gutenberg

Robinson Crusoe (London: W Taylor, 1719), commented text of the first edition, free at Editions Marteau

Free eBook of Robinson Crusoe with illustrations by NC Wyeth

William Dampier and the real Robinson Crusoe   More

Full text and plot summary of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe    And another

1732 Jacques Necker (d. 1804), French diplomat, finance minister of Louis XVI

1800 Decimus Burton (d. 1881), architect

1832 Ann Jarvis (d. May 9, 1905), American social activist, one of the mothers of Mothers' Day

1882 Hans Geiger (d. 1945), German physicist

1895 Lewis Milestone (d. 1980), Russian/American movie director (Oscar: All Quiet on the Western Front)

1898 Princess Charlotte of Monaco (d. 1977)

1908 David Oistrakh, Russian violinist

1913 Bill Walsh (d. 1975), American movie producer and writer

1921 Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress

1917 Park Chunghee (d. 1979), President of South Korea

1924 Truman Capote (d. 1984), American novelist and short story writer (Breakfast at Tiffany's; In Cold Blood)

"In his childhood Capote made friends with Harper Lee, who portrayed him as Dill in her world famous novel To Kill a Mockingbird. 'Dill was a curiosity. He wore blue linen shorts that buttoned to his shirt, his hair was snow white and stuck to his head like duckfluff; he was a year my senior but I towered over him. As he told us the old tale his blue eyes would lighten and darken; his laugh was sudden and happy; he habitually pulled at a cowlick in the center of his forehead.' Capote started to write stories when he was only eight. He attended the Trinity School and St. John's Academy in New York, and the public schools of Greenwich, Connecticut, but ended his formal schooling at the age of seventeen. He found work at the New Yorker, and attracted attention with his eccentric style of dress."   Source

1928 Elie Wiesel, Holocaust survivor, author, lecturer

1931 Angie Dickinson, American actress (TV series, Police Woman)

1935 Johnny Mathis, American singer

1947 Marc Bolan (d. 1977), rock musician (T. Rex)

1951 Barry Marshall, MBBS (born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia), Australian physician and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. He is well known for proving that the bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most stomach ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine which held that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. In 2005, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr Marshall and his long-time collaborator Dr Robin Warren (b. 1937).

1954 Barry Williams, actor, The Brady Bunch

1961 Eric Stoltz, actor

1972 Ari Behn, Norwegian author

 

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2 Name Your Car Day
2 Mahatma Gandhi's Birthday
2 World Farm Animals Day
4 Taco Day
4 World Animal Day
4 Golf Lovers Day
4 International Toot Your Flute Day
4 St Francis Day

5 Long Walk Day
5 World Teacher's Day
6 Biscuit Day
6 Soap Opera Day
6 German-American Day
6 Physician Assistant Day
7 Send A Smile Day
7 Bathtub Day
7 Frappe Day
8 Tube Top Day
8 Fluffernutter Day
8 Pumpkin Festival (Oklahoma, USA)
9 Children's Day
9 Leif Erikson Day
9 Clergy Appreciation Day
11 "You Go, Girl" Day
11 Sausage Pizza Day
12 Columbus Day (USA)
13 Dessert Day
13 Train Your Brain Day
14 Honey Bee Day
14 World Egg Day

  ... More Events

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420 Death of St Jerome, translator of the Vulgate Bible.

1399 Henry IV was proclaimed King of England.

1581 Death of Hubert Languet, French diplomat.

1630 John Billington was executed in New Plymouth, Massachusetts, for murder, the first capital punishment in America.

1659 Peter Stuyvesant, the last Dutch governor of the colony of New Netherland, forbade tennis playing during religious services. Perhaps the churches were too small.

1659 On his 32nd birthday, Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe's fictional character, was washed up on his island after his ship was wrecked.

1744 France and Spain defeated the Kingdom of Sardinia at the Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo.

1781 American War of Independance: The French defeated the British at the Battle of Chesapeake Capes.

1791 Debut of Mozart's opera Die Zauberflöte (The Magic Flute), Vienna.

1792 The French took Speyer, in the Rhineland.

1813 The "holey dollar" and "dump" were circulated in the NSW colony to alleviate currency shortages.

1829 Transcendentalist writer Ralph Waldo Emerson, 26, and Ellen Louisa Tucker 19, were married in Concord, New Hampshire, USA.

Early progressives in the Book of Days    Emersoncentral.com    More

1841 The stapler was patented by Samuel Slocum.

1846 Ether was first used for a dental extraction. William Morton (1819 - '68) was the dental surgeon.

From Wikipedia: Ether is the trivial name for the compound diethyl ether, CH3CH2OCH2CH3; the systematic (IUPAC) name of the compound is ethoxyethane. Alchemist Raymundus Lullus (Raymond Lulle; c. 1232 - c. 1316) is credited with discovering the compound in 1275, although there is no contemporary evidence of this. It was first synthesized in 1540 by Valerius Cordus, who called it 'sweet oil of vitriol' (oleum dulci vitrioli), and noted some of its medicinal properties. At about the same time, Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, better known as Paracelsus, discovered ether's analgesic properties. The name ether was given to the substance in 1730 by FG Frobenius.

The American doctor Crawford Williamson Long, MD, was the first surgeon to use it as an general anesthetic, on March 30, 1842. Its first use is normally associated with the Etherdome in Boston.

1868 The first volume of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women was published.

1882 The world's first hydroelectric power plant (later known as Appleton Edison Light Company) began operation on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, USA.

1888 Jack the Ripper killed his third and fourth victims, Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes.

1895 Madagascar became a French protectorate.

1909 The first notice appeared in the Industrial Worker of an IWW (Industrial Workers of the World, or 'Wobblies', the anarchist workers' organization) free speech fight, appealing to all Wobblies to join the free speech fighters in Missoula, Montana, USA.

Between the years of 1907 - '17, the IWW carried out more than 30 free speech fights in towns and cities across the US. Wobblies turned up in droves to fight for the right to free speech and agitate among fellow workers.

Thousands of IWWs were imprisoned, sprayed with fire hoses, and beaten by mobs of 'patriotic' Americans.

They clogged the jails and court systems to the point where cities like Missoula were forced to allow street speakers to orate as they pleased.

Source: The Daily Bleed   IWW free speech fights

 

1913 Death of Rudolf Diesel, German inventor.

1914 American poet Ezra Pound wrote to Harriet Monroe (publisher of Poetry), "(TS Eliot) has sent in the best poem ('The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock') I have yet had or seen from an American."

1931 Pay cuts in the British Navy prompted mutinous protests by 12,000.

1933 US President Franklin D Roosevelt announced US$700 million in New Deal aid to America's poor.

1935 USA: The Hoover Dam was dedicated.

1935 USA: Chester Gould's The Adventures of Dick Tracy was first heard on the Mutual Radio Network.

1938 British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain returned from the Munich Conference saying "I believe it is peace in our time".

1949 The Berlin Airlift ended.

1949 Mao Zedong formally became chairman of the People's Republic of China.

1954 The submarine USS Nautilus was commissioned as the first nuclear reactor-powered vessel.

1955 'Rebel' film star James Dean died on at the intersection of what are now highways 41 and 46 (41 and 466 then) at Cholame, California, USA when his Porsche crashed. East of Eden was out, but Rebel Without A Cause and Giant were not even released yet.

1960 USA: The last episode of The Howdy Doody Show aired on NBC.

1961 Mayor Snyder of Oregon, USA, wrote a cheque for $1.96 to cover the cost of the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party.

1962 USA: César Chávez founded the United Farm Workers.

1962 USA: James Meredith entered the University of Mississippi, defying segregation.

1965 Riots broke out in Indonesia, resulting in the deaths of local communists, leftists and ethnic Chinese. The number of those murdered by 1966 was at least 500,000, with the violence especially brutal in Java, Sumatra and Bali. It is possible that over 1 million people were imprisoned at one time or another.

Indonesian killings of 1965 - '66

1966 The British protectorate of Bechuanaland declared its independence, and became the Republic of Botswana.

1966 A three-day Acid Test opened at San Francisco State College Commons. The test was to peak on the evening of October 1. The Grateful Dead performed.

Merry Prankster History Project

1967 Launch of BBC Radio 1; other national BBC radio stations also adopted numeric names.

1970 Britain traded Palestinian terrorist Leila Khaled for hijack hostages.

1970 The USA's President's Commission on Obscenity and Pornography report concluded that all sexually explicit films, books and magazines aimed at adults should be legalised. A publisher added 500 photos to the report and sold it for twice the Government Printing Office's price. The publisher was arrested for 'pandering to prurience', fined $87,000 and sentenced to four years in prison.

1980 Ethernet specifications were published by Xerox, working with Intel and Digital Equipment Corporation.

1982 USA: Cyanide-laced Tylenol killed six people in the Chicago, Illinois area. Seven were killed in all. The incident became known as the Tylenol scare.

1982 The popular US TV sitcom Cheers premiered.

Vanunu kidnap1986 Mordechai Vanunu (b. 1954) was kidnapped by Israeli secret police in Rome (although upon release Vanunu claimed the culprits were the CIA rather than Israel's notorious Mossad secret agency). Vanunu, who had leaked details of Israel's secret nuclear weapons program to the London Times, was convicted in a secret Israeli military court and held in solitary confinement for much of his 18-year imprisonment.

Israeli former nuclear technician Vanunu secretly wrote on the palm of his hand details of his kidnapping which he showed press photographers. Shots of his hand were beamed around the world, and soon car window stickers with 'Free Vanunu' slogans were being displayed in many places. However,  it was to be nearly two decades before the government of Israel was to release this whistleblower.

He was released on April 21, 2004 but has been arrested several times since. Vanunu has been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize every year from 1988 to 2004. He was the recipient of the 1987 Right Livelihood Award "... for his courage and self-sacrifice in revealing the extent of Israel's nuclear weapons programme".

Since his release, Vanunu has appeared in Israeli courts on numerous occasions on charges of having broken the sanctions placed on him. In 2006, Microsoft was accused of helping Israeli police to obtain documents incriminating Vanunu.

Free Vanunu

"Israel is believed to possess the largest and most sophisticated arsenal outside of the five declared nuclear powers. Israel has never admitted possessing nuclear weapons, but abundant information is available showing that the capability exists."
Israel's Nuclear Weapons Program

How Vanunu revealed Israel's nuclear weapons secret    Charges Served Against Vanunu

Search for Vanunu articles    Interview (during Vununu's house arrest in 2007)

Israel 'may have 200 nuclear weapons'    The US Campaign to Free Mordechai Vanunu

 

 

1989 Foreign Minister of West Germany Hans-Dietrich Genscher's speech from the balcony of the German embassy in Prague.

1991 President Jean-Bertrand Aristide of Haiti was forced from office.

1997 Origin Systems Inc. released Ultima Online, the first true massively multiplayer game, opening the door for a new video gaming genre.

1999 Japan's worst nuclear accident occurred at a uranium reprocessing facility in Tokai-mura, northeast of Tokyo, Japan. Workers overloaded a container with uranium, exposing workers and local residents to very high radiation levels.

2004 AIM-54 Phoenix, which became the primary missile for the Northrop Grumman F-14 Tomcat, retired from USA Navy.

2004 The first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat were taken 600 miles south of Tokyo.

2005 The Parliament of Catalonia passed with 120-plus votes and 15 against, the Project of New Catalan Statute of Autonomy, proclaiming in its article 1, "Catalonia is a nation".

2005 Islamophobia: Controversial drawings of Muhammad were printed in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten.

2006 The National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia adopted the Constitutional Act that proclaimed the new Constitution of Serbia.

 

Tomorrow: Annie Besant, social reformer and Theosophist

 

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fnord norton

 

Little Johnny

A guy on his way home from work in Canberra traffic came to a dead halt and thought to himself, "This is unusual." He noticed a cop walking between the lines of stopped cars, so rolled down his window and asked, "Officer, what's the hold-up?"

The cop replied, "Prime Minister Howard is depressed, so he stopped his motorcade and is threatening to douse himself with petrol and set himself on fire. He says no one believes his stories about why we went to war in Iraq and the children overboard and Peter Costello taking over the helm in 12 months, so we're taking up a collection for him."

The guy asks, "How much have you got so far?"

The cop replies, "About 200 litres, but a lot of people are still siphoning."


Wikipedia and David Brown's prodigious Daily Bleed are both excellent resources that aid my research.
I frequently make use of their generously liberal 'fair use', 'copyleft' and 'anti-copyright' policies, with much gratitude.
© My own copyright policy is also liberal, but as this is my livelihood, conditions apply.

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