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22


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And Autumn takes his turn to reign
I know as sure as I'm a sinner
When leaves are scattered o'er the plain
And grapes are eaten after dinner.

Poor Robin's Almanac, 1808 (see The calendar and primitive almanacs)

We give-away our thanks to the earth which gives us our home.
We give-away our thanks to the rivers and lakes which give-away their water.
We give-away our thanks to the trees which give-away fruit and nuts.
We give-away our thanks to the wind which brings rain to water the plants.
We give-away our thanks to the sun who gives-away warmth and light.
All beings on earth: the trees, the animals, the wind and the rivers give-away to one another so all is in balance.
We give-away our promise to begin to learn how to stay in balance with all the earth.

'Give-Away Thanksgiving Chant' for Equinox Festival, from La Chapelle, Dolores, Earth Festivals

Spring flowers are long since gone. Summer's bloom
hangs limp on every terrace. The gardener's feet
drag a bit on the dusty path and the hinge in his 
back is full of creaks.
Louise Seymour Jones

R Gordon Wasson; LIFE Magazine (June 10, 1957). Image used in Fair Use for non-profit, educational purposes. We believe that LIFE magazine has ceased publication.

R Gordon Wasson, born on September 22, 1898

"Eating his mushrooms, Wasson takes them from cup holding his night's quota as the curandera prays at the household altar. He chewed them slowly, as is the custom, and his six pair took about a half hour to eat." LIFE Magazine, June 10, 1957   Source (see copyright note at foot of that page)


The feast is such as earth, the general mother,
Pours from her fairest bosom, when she smiles
In the embrace of Autumn. To each other
As some fond parent fondly reconciles
Her warring children, she their wrath beguiles
With their own sustenance; they, relenting, weep.
Such is this festival, which from their isles,
And continents, and winds, and oceans deep,
All shapes may throng to share, that fly, or walk, or creep.
Percy Bysshe Shelley (August 4, 1792 - July 8, 1822), English Romantic poet

To many ancient people, the waning of the light signaled death. For example, in Welsh mythology, this is the day of the year when the God of Darkness, Goronwy, defeats the God of Light, Llew, and takes his place as King of the world. To this day in Japan, the equinox is celebrated by visits to the graves of family members, at which time offerings of flowers and food are made and incense is burned.  The three days preceding and following the equinox are called "higan," or the "Other side of the River of Death."
September Folklore

The goldenrod is yellow
The corn is turning brown
The trees in apple orchards
With fruit are bending down.
Children's song 

The true beloveds of this world are in their lover's eyes 
lilacs opening, ship lights, school bells, a landscape, 
remembered conversations, friends, a child's Sunday, 
lost voices, one's favorite suit, autumn and all seasons, 
memory, yes, it being the earth and water of existence, memory.
Truman Capote

The autumn-time has come; 
On woods that dream of bloom, 
And over purpling vines, 
The low sun fainter shines. 
The aster-flower is failing, 
The hazel's gold is paling; 
Yet overhead more near 
The eternal stars appear! 
And present gratitude 
Insures the future's good, 
And for the things I see 
I trust the things to be; 
That in the paths untrod, 
And the long days of God, 
My feet shall still be led, 
My heart be comforted. 
John Greenleaf Whittier (1807 - '92); 'My Triumph'

The Jews who have arrived would nearly all like to remain here, but learning that they (with their customary usury and deceitful trading with the Christians) were very repugnant to the inferior magistrates, as also to the people having the most affection for you; the Deaconry also fearing that owing to their present indigence they might become a charge in the coming winter, we have, for the benefit of this weak and newly developing place and the land in general, deemed it useful to require them in a friendly way to depart, praying also most seriously in this connection, for ourselves as also for the general community of your worships, that the deceitful race—such hateful enemies and blasphemers of the name of Christ—be not allowed to further infect and trouble this new colony to the detraction of your worships and the dissatisfaction of your worships' most affectionate subjects.
Peter Stuyvesant; petition to the Dutch West India Company for the expulsion of Jews from New Amsterdam, September 22, 1654 (see the historical article at January 27, 1654 for the circumstances of this petition)

I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
Nathan Hale (1755 - '76), US revolutionary soldier; speech, September 22, 1776, before being executed as a spy by the British. In 1713, English author Joseph Addison had written similar words: "What pity is it/That we can die but once to serve our country!" (Cato, act 4, sc. 4)

George Washington was so taken with the character of Cato the younger in Joseph Addison's 1713 play Cato that he made the Roman republican his role model. He went to see Cato numerous times from early manhood into maturity and even had it performed for his troops at Valley Forge despite a congressional resolution that plays were inimical to republican virtue. Washington included lines from the play in his private correspondence and even in his farewell address.
Jim Stockdale; Thoughts of a Philosophical Fighter Pilot, Hoover Press, 1995, p. 75

Ability is sexless.
Christabel Pankhurst, English feminism activist, born on September 22, 1880

We have a great objective – the light on the hill – which we aim to reach by working the betterment of mankind not only here but anywhere we may give a helping hand.
Ben Chifley, Australian prime minister, born on September 22, 1885

At it in its familiar twang: "My friend,
Cut your own throat. Cut your own throat. Now! Now!"
September twenty-second, Sir, the bough
Cracks with the unpicked apples, and at dawn
The small-mouth bass breaks water, gorged with spawn.

Robert Lowell (1917 - '77), US poet; 'After the Surprising Conversions'

I'm just a jobbing writer, really.
Fay Weldon

Feminism has achieved its aims, at least in the developed world.
Fay Weldon; Time Europe, September 17, 2001

Product placement has always seemed to me a rather sneaky thing, very insidious. My contract required me to mention Bulgari 12 times. They got at least three times that, as well as the title. What could be more upfront than that? I'm not sure how I got from there to being branded morally corrupt.
Fay Weldon; ibid

 

 

 

September 22 is the 265th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (266th in leap years), with 100 days remaining.
On the dating of items in the Almanac  Translate this page  Birthday star  Your birth day  Daily Everything  NNDB  Time/Date  Google
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When 'Source' links on this page move address or die, I might allow them to stay here, but the Wayback Machine might help you locate the original.

 

 

Wheel of the Year: Click around rim for the Station of the Year (Sabbat) you require, or hub of wheel for our Articles department

 

 

Eight Stations of the Year (Sabbats) in the Book of Days

The Eight Stations are the equinoxes, solstices, and the midway points between them

Spring Equinox/Ostara   May Day/Beltaine   Summer Solstice/Litha   Lammas/Lughnasadh

Autumn Equinox/Mabon   Halloween/Samhain   Winter Solstice/Yule   Brigid/Candlemas/Imbolc

Helpful external links

Autumn: Quotes, Poems, Sayings, and Links for Gardeners

Wheel of the Year at Mything Links   Wheel of the Year at Wikipedia

School of the Seasons   Calendars at Wikipedia   Almanacs, calendars, time

 

 

 

 

Autumn Equinox, Northern Hemisphere
(Spring Equinox in the south)

In astronomy, the autumnal equinox signals the beginning of autumn in the northern hemisphere: the moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator, heading southward; the equinox occurs around September 22 - 24, varying slightly each year according to the 400-year cycle of leap years in the Gregorian Calendar.

In the southern hemisphere, the equinox occurs at the same moment, but at the beginning of spring. There are two conventions for dealing with this: either the name of the equinox can be changed to the vernal equinox, or (apparently more commonly) the name is unchanged and it is accepted that it is out of sync with the season.

At the equinox, the sun rises directly in the east and sets directly in the west. In the northern hemisphere, before the autumnal equinox, the sun rises and sets more and more to the north, and afterwards, it rises and sets more and more to the south.

This is when the Neopagan Sabbat of Mabon is celebrated. Also, Autumnal Equinox Day is an official national holiday in Japan, and is spent visiting family graves, and holding family reunions.

Source: Wikipedia

Why do the equinoxes not always occur on the same days each year? 
"The Earth takes approximately 365.25 days to go around the Sun. This is the reason we have a leap year every 4 years, to add another day to our calendar so that there is not a gradual drift of date through the seasons. For the same reason the precise time of the equinoxes are not the same each year, and generally will occur about 6 hours later each year, with a jump of a day (backwards) on leap years."   Source

 

Autumn Equinox, ancient Egypt

In ancient Egypt, the Autumn festival commemorated the grief of Isis at her loss and her joy at the rediscovery of Osiris, her husband, and Horus, her son.

Autumn Equinox, ancient Rome

Autumn Equinox was a time overseen by Diana, Roman goddess of the hunt, of the Moon, of springs and brooks, of the country and forest, chastity and of child-birth. Women prayed to her for offspring and she was thought of as the protector and mother. Worship of this deity was later generally transformed by Christianity into the cult of the Virgin Mary.

Autumn Equinox, Europe

Autumn Equinox is the time when village elders gathered food and grain and at night left it at the doors of the poor to ensure that they would have food for the coming winter:

Food an' gifts outside the door –
A welcome treat to cheer the poor.
Never, ever must they see
That even one was left by me. 

The Equinox Error: The Fallacy of Fall's Arrival

 

 

 

Pyramid of Ku'Kulkan (El Castillo) at Chichen ItzaAutumn Equinox festival at Chichén Itzá
Yucatán
, Mexico (Sep 17 - 26)

At the Castillo, a Mayan pyramid built c. 1000 - 1200 at Chichén Itzá, Mexico, on the equinoxes a jagged shadow is thrown down the northern staircase. It looks like a serpent going down, meeting a stone snake's head at the base.

 

 

HarvestFestival of Mikeli, ancient Latvia (Sep 22 - 24)

Day 1: the Catching of Jumis

Mikeli was during the dzelzs nedela meaning 'the week of iron'. The holiday was sacred for both Mikelis and Jumis.

Mikelis and Jumis

In Latvian mythology, Mikelis was one of dievadeli, sons of Dievs, the supreme god. He was a god of astronomy, prophecy and abundance.

Jumis was an agriculture and fertility god, and in the Latvian language the word also applies to 'double-plants,' such as two corn stalks, two trees that have grown together and share a trunk or stem, or two fruits or vegetables that have grown together. He was depicted as a short man with clothes that resemble ears of wheat, hops and barley.

On the first day, a ritual called the Catching of Jumis (Jumja kersana; Apjumibas; Rudenaji; Raudonoji) took place. Jumis, represented by a double-headed stalk of grain, was said to be hiding in the last of the unharvested fields. This last cut was saved until the end, so as to please Jumis, and invite him back the following spring. When the reaping was finished, a 'Jumis-clump' was left uncut. The ears of this grain were then tied in a knot and bent to the ground, being weighed down with stones or surrounded with soil. The grain from the Junis-clump was rubbed out of the ears and scattered in the tilled soil, thus ensuring that the strength and spirit of the harvest was directed back into the Mother Earth, so that it could appear again in the new sowing.

These last stalks were tied with special twine, taken home in a procession and placed in a barn, separate from the rest of the harvest, symbolizing a 'captured' Jumis, thereby ensuring the following year's harvest would be at least as successful. The grasses were then used during the winter to cure sick livestock. Chicken was eaten at the evening's feast.

The festival was held at the end of the harvest season, when Jumis's gift of food had been received. After Mikeli, it was considered that the gates were open for Winter.

A Jumis-loaf was baked at Mikeli, larger than the usual bread loaf, and it was a great honour to eat it. The second day was a feast and party, and the third day was a market day, and also the only day men proposed to their prospective wives.

Time-keeping systems of ancient Latvia    Today's date in ancient Latvia    Ancient calendars    More    And more

 

Higan (O-Higan; Higan no Chu-Nichi), Japan

Celebrated at both the Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox

This is an important festival in the Japanese calendar which, since January 1, 1873, Japan has been based on the Gregorian Calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays. (Before 1873 a lunisolar calendar was in use, which was adapted from the Chinese calendar.) Higan is the week-long period of Buddhist memorial services peculiar to Japan and held twice a year.

On or around the day of the Autumn Equinox, Japanese people celebrate Shuubun-no-hi, also known as Higan (Higan no Chu-Nichi). There is another Higan at the time of the Spring Equinox, which is also called Higan no Chu-Nichi. Both are usually observed on the Sunday on or immediately preceding the equinoxes. The middle days of each Higan, Shunbun no hi (Spring Equinox) and Shuubun no hi (Autumnal Equinox) are national holidays.

The name Higan means 'the other shore' and derives from the Buddhist notion that there is a river that marks the division of the mundane world and the afterlife. This river is one of illusions, passion, pain and sorrow. Only when one crosses the river, swimming against the currents of temptation, to the other shore, does one gain enlightenment.

During the whole of this week there is a Buddhist observance, three days either side of the equinox, when the spirits of one's ancestors are commemorated. Usually on the equinoctial day, families and friends visit their family tombs, where they tend and weed the graves of their loved ones. They leave flowers, incense and ohagi (sweet rice balls covered with soybean paste) –  it is tradition that ancestors' spirits prefer food that is round. The visitors sweep the ground, say prayers, and may even have a bit of a family party, drinking sake rice wine.

Japanese consider this period the changing of the season. Usually around the autumnal Higan the Japanese summer heat-wave weakens, and the weather changes to autumn. Thus the Japanese have a saying, "Atsusa samusa mo Higan made" ("Neither heat in summer, nor cold in winter last beyond higan").

 

 

 

See School of the Seasons for a good article on Feast of the Ingathering/Autumn Equinox

The chemistry of Autumn colours    Make a spot dial – a cheap and easy sundial for your ceiling

 

 

 

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Mabon: Celebrating the Autumn Equinox

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Celebrating The Seasons Of Life: Beltane to Mabon : Lore, Rituals, Activities, And Symbols


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Vendémiaire | Brumaire | Frimaire | Nivôse | Pluviôse | Ventôse | Germinal | Floréal | Prairial | Messidor | Thermidor | Fructidor | Sansculottides

VendémiaireFirst day of month of Vendémiaire (Vintage month),

French Republican Calendar (New Year's Day) 

On October 24, 1793 the French National Convention adopted the French Republican Calendar (French Revolutionary Calendar) retrospectively as from September 22, 1792.

Napoleon Bonaparte abolished it and restored the Gregorian calendar on January 1, 1806 (the day after 10 nivôse an XIV), a little over twelve years after its introduction. However, it was used again during the brief Paris Commune in 1871 (year LXXIX).

It was designed by the politician and agronomist Charles Gilbert Romme, although it is usually attributed to Fabre d'Églantine, who invented the descriptive names of the months. Instead of most days having a saint as in the Catholic Church's calendar, each day has a plant, a tool or an animal associated with it. Some enthusiasts in France still use the calendar.

Each month lasted 30 days and was divided into three decades. Every day had the name of an agricultural plant, except the 5th (Quintidi) and 10th day (Decadi) of every decade, which had the name of a domestic animal (Quintidi) or an agricultural tool (Decadi).

Autumn
Vendémiaire (from Latin vindemia, 'vintage'), begins Sep 22, 23 or 24
Brumaire (from French brume, 'mist'), begins Oct 22, 23 or 24
Frimaire (From French frimas, 'frost'), begins Nov 21, 22 or 23

Winter
Nivôse (from Latin nivosus, 'snowy'), begins Dec 21, 22 or 23
Pluviôse (from Latin pluviosus, 'rainy'), begins Jan 20, 21 or 22
Ventôse (from Latin ventosus, 'windy'), begins Feb 19, 20 or 21

Spring
Germinal (from Latin germen, 'seed'), begins Mar 20 or 21
Floréal (from Latin flos, 'flower'), begins Apr 20 or 21
Prairial (from French prairie, 'meadow'), begins May 20 or 21

Summer
Messidor (from Latin messis, 'harvest'), begins Jun 19 or 20
Thermidor (from Greek thermos, 'hot'), begins Jul 19 or 20
Fructidor (from Latin fructus, 'fruits'), begins Aug 18 or 19

Sansculottides
The Sansculottides (also Epagomenes; French Sans-culottides, Sanculottides, jours complementaires, jours épagomènes) are the end of the calendar. They follow Fructidor and precede Vendémiaire of the next year, belonging to the summer quarter of the year.

The Sansculottides, named after the Sansculottes, amend the 360 days of the calendar so that the beginning of the next year is on the autumnal equinox. There were five Sansculottides in a common year and six in a leap year (from this derives the French name of the leap year année sextile). The Sansculottides start on September 17 or 18 and end on September 22 or 23.


  1re Décade 2e Décade 3e Décade
Primidi 1. Pomme (Apple) 11. Salsifis (Salsify) 21. Bacchante (asarum baccharis)
Duodi 2. Céleri (Celery) 12. Macre (Water Chestnut) 22. Azerole (Crete Hawthorn)
Tridi 3. Poire (Pear) 13. Topinambour (Jerusalem Artichoke) 23. Garence (Madder)
Quartidi 4. Betterave (Beet Root) 14. Endive (Endive) 24. Orange (Orange)
Quintidi 5. Oye (Goose) 15. Dindon (Turkey) 25. Faisan (Pheasant)
Sextidi 6. Héliotrope (European Turnsole) 16. Chervi (Skirret) 26. Pistache (Pistachio)
Septidi 7. Figue (Fig) 17. Cresson (Cress) 27. Macjonc (Sweetpea)
Octidi 8. Scorsonère (Black Salsify) 18. Dentelaire (Leadwort) 28. Coing (Quince)
Nonidi 9. Alisier (Chequer Tree) 19. Grenade (Pomegranate) 29. Cormier (Service Tree)
Decadi 10. Charrue (Plough) 20. Herse (Harrow) 30. Rouleau (Roller)

 

Source: Wikipedia    Website converts Gregorian calendar to FRC (and has desktop program)

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Antique Decimal Watches    Criticisms and shortcomings of the FRC   Julian day calculator (pop-up)

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The Book of Days index page shows the current day's date in the French Republican Calendar

 

 

A solstice and equinox calendar, Fajada Butte, New Mexico, USA

On Fajada Butte in Chaco Canyon, NM, Anasazi Indians 1,000 years ago used three stone slabs to create a still-usable calendar. On the four stations of the year, the sun shines through gaps between the slabs, either dividing or framing spirals carved on rocks behind.

 

CornucopiaMabon, Neopagan festival

Mabon is one of the eight solar holidays or sabbats of Neopaganism. It is celebrated on the autumn equinox, in the Northern Hemisphere circa September 22 - 24 and in the Southern Hemisphere around March 20.

Also sometimes called Harvest Home or Feast of the Ingathering (which is more commonly a Christian version; see September 24), this holiday is a ritual of thanksgiving for the fruits of the earth and a recognition of the need to share them to secure the blessings of the Goddess and God during the winter months.

Among the sabbats, it is the second of the three harvest festivals, preceded by Lammas and followed by Samhain.

At Wikipedia, see Wheel of the Year, and for the Celtic deity, Mapon.

 

Winter Finding, Second Station of the Year, Norse (Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 ... maybe not solar calendar)

 

Festival of the Sea Goddess, Inuit mythology

Sedna the Shaman has to go to her abode at the bottom of the sea and make a deal for good hunting weather. In Inuit mythology, Sedna (Inuktitut Sanna) is a sea goddess and master of the animals, especially mammals such as seals, of the ocean. According to one myth, Sedna lives in and rules over the bottom of the sea (Adlivun) the Inuit underworld where she spends here days amidst whales and other marine creatures. Sedna is also known as Arnakuagsak or Arnarquagssaq (Greenland) and Nerrivik or Nuliajuk (Alaska). Although Sedna is sometimes thought to predominate throughout the Canadian Arctic she was known by other names by different Inuit groups. One example of this is Arnapkapfaaluk (big bad woman) of the Copper Inuit from the Coronation Gulf area. Her name was taken also to name a new disputed "tenth" planet, 90377 Sedna, as discovered by Michael Brown (Caltech), Chad Trujillo (Gemini Observatory) and David Rabinowitz (Yale University) on November 14, 2003.

"She is usually pictured in Inuit soapstone carvings as being fish from the waste [sic] down and human from the waste up with long hair, but Sedna is no mermaid. As goddess of the ocean, Sedna sets strict rules about the proper way to treat the animals of the hunt which the Inuit require for sustenance. This includes proper treatment of the animals' spirit when killed for food. When she feels the rules have been broken, she cuts off the supply of food. When that happens the Inuit tribal shaman is required to take a shaman's journey to the bottom of the ocean to speak to the goddess. It is considered the most dangerous journey an Inuit shaman is called upon to make."   Source

Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days     More    More   And more

 

Feast of Carpo (one of the Horae), goddess of Autumn whose name denotes budding

More

Sacaea, ancient Persia
Source: The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar

Feast day of St Candidus

Feast day of St Carmelo Sastre Sastre

Feast day of Ss Digna and Emerita

Feast day of St Emmeram of Regensburg (Emmeramus; Emmeran; Emeran; Heimrammi; Haimeran; Heimeran), Bishop of Poitiers
Christian martyr, born into a noble family in Aquitaine; died c. 652. Bishop Arbeo of Freising depicted the place of his death as a "lovely, ever spring-green place, upon which a spring appeared and the local people later built a little church". Emmeram was entombed in Aschheim, whereupon it allegedly rained for 40 days. Emmeram was exhumed and put upon a raft in the Isar. When the raft reached the Danube, it miraculously floated upstream to Regensburg, where Emmeram was laid to rest in the church of St George.

Feast day of St Exuperius

Feast day of St Ignatius of Santhia

Feast day of St Innocent

Feast day of St Irais

Feast day of St Jonas

Feast day of St Lindru

Feast day of St Martyrs of Valencia, Spain

Feast day of St Maurice, and his Companions, Martyrs of the Theban Legion
(Tree boletus, Boletus arborens, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)
Saint Maurice became a patron saint of the Holy Roman Emperors. He is traditionally depicted in full armour, in Italy emblazoned with a red cross. He is often shown as a Moor. In folk culture he has become connected with the legend of the Spear of Destiny, which he is supposed to have carried into battle; his name is engraved on the Holy Lance of Vienna, one of several relics claimed as the spear that pierced Jesus' side on the cross.

More

Feast day of St Vitalis

Feast day of St Victor

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days

Feast of San Gennaro, New York, USA (c. Sep 11 - 22)

Oktoberfest (Sep 20 - Oct 5)

Independence Day, Bulgaria (1908)

Independence Day, Mali (from France, 1960)

Car Free Day, in Europe and in cities throughout the world

Aizu Byakko Matsuri, (Aizu) Byakko Festival, Aizuwakamatsu-shi, Fukushima, Japan (Sep 22 - 24)
"700 warriors parade reconstructs the scene of famous battle in which young boy soldiers of this districts known as Byakkotai army corps fought and died in 1868."   Source

Hobbit Day
The debated birthday of the fictitious Hobbits Bilbo and Frodo Baggins in JRR Tolkien's The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings trilogy.

OneWebDay
OneWebDay is a day when users of the
World Wide Web are encouraged to show how the Internet affects their lives.

Homepage

Mumia Awareness Week (Sep 19 - 25)

 

 

 

On which day of the week were you born? Find out here

1515 Anne of Cleves (d. July 16, 1557) was the queen consort of Henry VIII of England from January 6, 1540 till the marriage's annulment on July 9, 1540. Folklore has it that when Henry met her, he found her singularly unattractive and pronounced her as looking like a "Flanders mare". Most historians, however, doubt that there is any truth in this tale. Portraits of her don't reveal an especially ugly woman, but of course the artists might have painted to flatter.

1547 Philipp Nikodemus Frischlin (d. 1590), German philologist and poet

1593 Matthäus Merian (d. 1650), Swiss engraver

1601 Anne of Austria, (d. 1666) queen of Louis XIII of France

1606 Li Zicheng (d. 1645), Chinese rebel

1680 Barthold Heinrich Brockes (d. 1747), German poet

1741 Peter Simon Pallas (d. 1811), German zoologist

1788 Theodore Edward Hook (d. 1841), English author

1791 Michael Faraday (d. August 25, 1867), English scientist who contributed to the field of electromagnetism, invented the Bunsen burner and discovered electromagnetic induction

1819 Wilhelm Wattenbach (d. 1897), German historian

Japanese anarchists, executed 19111871 Shusui Denjiro Kotoku (d. January 24, 1911), journalist, writer, one of the most outstanding figures of Japanese anarchism. Imprisoned for articles against the Russo-Japanese War, where he discovered Peter Kropotkin's works. Active in organizing the trade union movement before being arrested January 18, 1911 with 24 others for a plot on the emperor. On January 24, 1911 Kotoku and eleven other anarchists were hanged, including his partner Yugetsu Sugo Kanno. Kotoku wrote Imperialism, Monster of the Twentieth Century, The Gasoline of Socialism, and other books and articles.

Source: The Daily Bleed

The Anarchist Movement in Japan   Japanese Anarchism Bibliography

1878 Yoshida Shigeru (d. 1967), Prime Minister of Japan

Christabel Pankhurst

1880 Dame Christabel Pankhurst (d. 1958), English suffragette, eldest daughter of Dr Richard Pankhurst and Emmeline Pankhurst. Her sisters were Sylvia and Adela Pankhurst.

Born in Manchester, England, in 1903 she co-founded the Women's Social and Political Union. She was once jailed for assaulting police. In 1921, Christabel went to reside in the United States where she became a prominent member in the Second Adventist movement. Christabel lectured and wrote books on the Second Coming. She returned to Britain in the 1930s but left for the USA at the start of the World War II. Christabel Pankhurst died in America in 1958.

"Christabel Harriette Pankhurst, Organizing Secretary of the Women's Social and Political Union and editor of The Suffragette, c1909. The eldest Pankhurst daughter, Christabel had a first class degree in Law from Owen's College, Victoria University, Manchester, and a prize for international law. However, because she was a woman she was not allowed to practice as a lawyer. She devoted her considerable talent to the WSPU; she was a brilliant and popular speaker who could inspire great loyalty. Frequent parallels were drawn between her and Joan of Arc. She and Annie Kenney started militant tactics in 1905 when they continually interrupted a Liberal meeting at the Free Trade Hall, Manchester, asking when the Liberal Party would give women the vote. They were thrown out, arrested, refused to pay a fine to avoid prison and were sentenced to seven days. Christabel went to prison twice more in 1907 and 1908 and finally fled the country, exiling herself in Paris in March 1912 to avoid the conspiracy charges her mother Emmeline faced. She led the WSPU, and edited the Suffragette newspaper from Paris and did not return to England until after the outbreak of the First World War."   Source

Early progressives in the Book of Days

Pankhurst photos    A world chronology of women's suffrage

1885 Ben Chifley (d. 1951), Australian Labor Prime Minister of Australia from 1945 - '49. Son of a blacksmith of Irish Catholic descent, a train driver then head of the Railworkers Union, he rose to Treasurer in the John Curtin wartime government. As Prime Minister he nationalised the airline Qantas (sold to private ownership by a later Labor Prime Minister) and vigorously campaigned on public health issues. Chifley's 'Light on the hill' speech, though brief and unadorned, has inspired generations in the Australian Labor movement since it was made on June 12, 1949. (More on speech.)

Australian Prime Ministers

1885 Erich von Stroheim (d. 1957), Austrian-born Hollywood film director

"Bald-pated, monocled, Teutonic terror frequently billed as "the man you love to hate," the skillful delineator of stern, autocratic Prussian and Nazi officers, but also a brilliant (if wildly extravagant) director whose Greed (1924) still ranks among the greatest achievements in cinema history. Variously described as a scion of Prussian nobility and a highranking career Army officer (he only served briefly, although he retained a fascination for all things military), he was in fact the supervisor of his father's strawhat factory in Vienna before emigrating to America several years before World War 1."   Source

1895 Paul Muni (d. 1967), Academy Award winning actor

 

R Gordon Wasson and his wife, Valentina Pavlovna Guercken. LIFE Magazine (June 10, 1957). Image used in Fair Use for non-profit, educational purposes. We believe that LIFE magazine has ceased publication and the copyright owner is uncontactable.1898 R Gordon Wasson (d. December 23, 1986; pictured with his wife Valentina Guercken), American international banker, amateur mycologist, and author whose interest in mushrooms led him to Mexico in 1953 where he eventually met the Mazatec curandera (shaman, or spirit-healer), Maria Sabina (1898 - 1985),  who initiated Wasson into the experience of entheogenic psilocybin mushrooms (Psilocybe caerulescens var. Psilocybe caerulescens var. mazatecorum).

From Wikipedia: Wasson's studies in "ethnomycology" begun on his honeymoon trip to the Catskill Mountains, when his wife, Valentina Pavlovna Guercken, chanced upon some edible wild mushrooms. The marked difference in cultural attitudes towards the fungus kingdom in Russia compared to the United States fascinated the pair, and led to the writing of the book Mushrooms, Russia and History 1957.

In the course of their investigations, they mounted expeditions to Mexico to study the religious use of mushrooms by the native inhabitants, and became the first westerners to participate in a Mazatec sacred mushroom ritual. In 1957, their experiences were published in a Life magazine article (Seeking the Magic Mushroom), bringing knowledge of the existence of psychoactive mushrooms to a wide audience for the first time. Through his collaboration with Roger Heim, the mushrooms were subjected to scientific study, and eventually the chemical structure of the active compounds, psilocybin and psilocin were determined by Albert Hofmann, using material grown by Heim from collections made on expedition with Wasson. Two species of mushroom, Psilocybe wassonii Heim and Psilocybe wassonorum Guzman were named in honour of R Gordon Wasson. Also in collaboration with Albert Hofmann, RG Wasson was the first westerner to make a botanical collection of the Mazatec hallucinogen Salvia divinorum, leading to its description as a new species, and bringing it into cultivation outside of Mexico.

Experiences with the magic mushrooms apparently had a profound effect on Wasson, and fungi remained a persistent theme in his further works. His next major contribution was a study into the ancient Vedic intoxicant Soma, which he proposed was based on the psychoactive Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) mushroom. This was published in 1967 under the title Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality. His attention then turned to the Eleusinian Mysteries, the initiation ceremony of the ancient Greek cult of Demeter and Persephone. In The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries (1978), co-authored with Albert Hofmann and Carl AP Ruck, it was proposed that the special drink "kykeon", a part of the ceremony, contained psychoactive ergoline alkaloids from the fungus Ergot (Claviceps spp.).

Eva Mendez hands mushrooms to R Gordon Wasson. LIFE Magazine (June 10, 1957). Image used in Fair Use for non-profit, educational purposes. We believe that LIFE magazine has ceased publication and the copyright owner is uncontactable.

"Receiving his mushrooms, Wasson takes his night's ration from the hand of Curandera Eva Mendez. In right background Guy Stresser-Péan, French anthropologist who accompanied Wasson, has begun to chew his own supply."
LIFE Magazine, June 10, 1957   Source (see copyright note at foot of that page)

 

"Upon retiring in 1963, RGW began Far Eastern field investigations relating to his thesis that the Indian soma plant was the mushroom Amanita muscaria (fly-agaric). He was in the Far East almost continuously from May 1963 to February 1966; his travels included New Zealand, New Guinea, Japan, China, India, Korea, Iran, Afghanistan, Thailand, and Nepal. The results of his investigations were published in 1969 in Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality, co-authored with Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty. This work stirred controversy among Vedic scholars. RGW also co-authored The Road to Eleusis: Unveiling the Secret of the Mysteries (1978) and Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion (1986). The term 'entheogen,' was devised by RGW and his colleagues to replace the terms 'hallucinogenic' or 'psychedelic' or 'drug' that had been used during the 1960's."   Source

 

The Road to Eleusis, Wasson's contributions online

The R Gordon Wasson Archives (Harvard University)    The Chosen Baby, by Valentina Wasson

The Road to Eleusis, by R Gordon Wasson    Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality (Wasson)

Big Sur Tapes: Mazatec Indians of Mexico     Shop Maria Sabina    Maria Sabina: Her Life and Chants

Seeking the Magic Mushroom, Life Magazine 1957     More

Wasson's First Voyage    He Shared His Death with Me    Sacred Mushroom Seeker

1898 Katherine Alexander (d. 1981), actress

1902 John Houseman (d. 1988), Romanian-born producer, actor and director, co-founder, with Orson Welles, of the Mercury Theatre in New York

1905 Eugen Sänger (d. 1964), Austrian aerospace engineer

1906 Ilse Koch (d. 1967), wife of Karl Koch, commandant of the concentration camp Buchenwald

1912 Martha Scott (d. 2003), American actress

1915 Arthur Lowe (d. 1982), English actor best known as the pompous Captain George Mainwaring in TV's Dad's Army

1918 Henryk Szeryng (d. 1988), violinist

1920 William H. Riker (d. 1993), political scientist

1923 Dannie Abse, poet and writer

1924 Rosamunde Pilcher, novelist

1928 James Lawson, civil rights activist, minister

1931 Fay Weldon, British author brought up in New Zealand (The Life and Loves of a She-Devil)

Breakfast at Bulgari's?

"The Italian jeweler's sponsorship of Fay Weldon's latest novel has the literary world in a tizzy 
BY
CHRISTINE WHITEHOUSE

"British author Fay Weldon is no stranger to controversy. Her provocative views on everything from rape (worse things could happen to a woman) to cosmetic surgery (it enhances your sex life) to men (they're the new underclass) have generated plenty of outrage.

"Nothing, though, compared to the brouhaha that erupted last week when it emerged that her latest novel, The Bulgari Connection, which was commissioned and privately printed by the Italian jeweler, will soon enjoy mainstream publication.

"Critics have accused Weldon, a 1979 Booker Prize nominee for Praxis, of compromising her artistic integrity. Bulgari is mentioned frequently throughout what is billed by her publisher, HarperCollins, as a 'high-class thriller,' but Weldon professes to be surprised and amused by the fuss. A former advertising copywriter, she dismisses the high-minded notion that art should be separate from commerce. 'I'm just a jobbing writer, really.'"   Source

 

1931 George Younger, 4th Viscount Younger of Leckie (d. 2003), British politician

1943 Toni Basil, singer, dancer, choreographer

1946 King Sunny Ade, reggae singer

1948 Denis Burke, Australian politician

1951 David Coverdale, singer

1952 Bob Goodlatte, US Congressman from Virginia

1952 Paul Le Mat, actor

1954 Shari Belafonte, American entertainer

1956 Debby Boone, American entertainer

1957 Nick Cave, Australian musician, songwriter, poet, author, and actor

1958 Joan Jett, American rock singer

1958 Andrea Bocelli, singer

1961 Scott Baio, actor

1964 Bonnie Hunt, actress

1971 Märtha Louise, Princess of Norway

1975 Mystikal, rap music singer

1987 Tom Felton, actor

1988 Bethany Dillon, American musician

 

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66 Roman Emperor Nero (37 - 68), created the legion I Italica.

1236 Lithuanians and Semigallians beat the Livonian Brothers of the Sword in the Battle of Saule.

1253 Death of Dogen (b. 1200), Japanese Zen Buddhist.

1345 Death of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Leicester (b. 1281), English nobleman.

1499 Switzerland became an independent state.

1521 Death of Selim I (b. 1465), Ottoman Sultan.

1554 Death of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado (b. c. 1510), Spanish explorer.

1586 The battle of Zutphen was fought.

1598 English playwright and satirist Ben Jonson was indicted for manslaughter.

1692 The last people hanged for witchcraft in the United States.

1735 Number 10 Downing Street, London, became the new residence for British prime ministers, when PM Sir Robert Walpole moved in.

1776 Nathan Hale was hanged for spying during American Revolution.

1774 Death of Pope Clement XIV (b. 1705).

1777 Death of John Bartram (b. 1699), American botanist.

1784 Russia established a colony at Kodiak, Alaska.

1789 The position of United States Postmaster General was established.

1792 The French First Republic was proclaimed. This day onward was called by 19th-Century scholars the "era of the French Republic". The French Republican Calendar (retrospectively adopted by the National Convention on October 5, 1793), began today, lasting until January 1, 1806 when abolished by Napoleon and the Gregorian calendar was restored.

1827 According to Mormonism founder, Joseph Smith, an angel called Moroni allowed him to take possesssion of golden plates and other artifacts (including a sword, a compass-like device, a breastplate and what Smith referred to as the Urim and Thummim). The golden plates were said to contain engravings in an ancient language – unknown to scholarship before or after Smith – called Reformed Egyptian, and became the source material for the Book of Mormon. When Smith had finished translating the plates, he said that he returned them to Moroni, and therefore they are unavailable for study, which is a misfortune for some.

Since 1833 a Calvinist minister named Solomon Spalding has been credited by some scholars and writers as being the original author of a portion of the Book of Mormon, but this is disputed by the Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints), who have gone as far as to create the site solomonspalding.com.

Skeptic's view of the influence of the occult and Masonry on Joseph Smith and the LDS Church

1828 Having suffered a decline in mental health following his mother's death (he allegedly ordered the members of his clan to starve themselves to death), Shaka Zulu (born c. 1787), King of the Zulus, was assassinated by his half-brothers (by his father), Dingane and Mhlangana, and Dingane claimed his position.

1852 Death of William Tierney Clark (b. 1783), civil engineer.

1860 Second Opium War: The China's emperor fled Peking as English and French forces advanced.

1862 USA: A preliminary version of the Emancipation Proclamation was released, freeing the slaves.

1869 Richard Wagner's opera Das Rheingold debuted in Munich.

1873 Death of Friedrich Frey-Herosé (b. 1801), member of the Swiss Federal Council.

 

1890 Sydney, Australia: The first edition of the Australian Workman, official organ of the Trades and Labour Council (TLC) in Sydney (a founding organisation of the Australian Labor Party), following the demise of the Australian Radical almost exactly a year earlier.

The first editor was Rev. Dr (Theodore) Oswald Keating, MA, DD, LLD, who had just stepped off a clipper ship from Britain in July and had some writings published in Truth's earliest numbers. The proprietors of the Australian Workman were impressed with him and under the circumstances of the Maritime Strike of 1890, pleased to have a clergyman's name on the masthead. By the end of October, the 'clergyman' was suing the newspaper for 5 pounds for wrongful dismissal.

Dr Keating was in fact Joseph James Crouch, a forger and conman who had impersonated clergy of various denominations for thirty years, been imprisoned a number of times, and robbed and abandoned a widow he had married for money in England. In the USA, in 1881, he had conned many, including the prominent American clergyman, Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, who lent him money as well as his pulpit. He could speak fluently in several languages, including Hebrew. He also plied his craft in Canada, and in Dublin, Ireland, he had been known as a brilliant Protestant preacher. In Kilmainham Gaol, he was the 'guest' of the Governor, who had had him for dinner as a guest of honour just a fortnight before.

After having been found out, Crouch, still calling himself Rev. Dr Keating, went back to the owners of Truth, the politicians William Nicholas Willis and Adolphus George Taylor, and demanded monies (the residue of 50 pounds) they had promised him for a novel and some articles they had published. They refused, and the parties disputed for several weeks. One day in November, Crouch went to Taylor's Woollahra home to carry on the battle, but Taylor was not in, so Crouch was invited in by the servant, 12-year-old Mary Ann Brown, whom Crouch seduced on Taylor's drawing-room sofa.  The matter ended up in court with that incorrigible reprobate John Norton giving information but not sworn evidence against Crouch, who defended himself and got five years, but did not live to serve out his sentence. He was found dead the next day in his Darlinghurst Gaol cell, possibly by a poisoned pill brought in at his request by his wife Polly. Taylor and Willis came out badly too, with the judge, Mr Justice William Windeyer roundly criticising them for hushing up the seduction of the girl for a long period of time, which they did because they were hoping Crouch would simply leave town and thus a scandal for them would be avoided.

Australian Workman was first published from strike headquarters at the Australian Coffee Palace, Castlereagh St; it was pretty much controlled by the Australasian Socialist League until 1894. It ended in 1897. The early editions had ads like:

STRIKERS!!! The Place for Good Liquors is the Cardigan, Oxford Street. Support Your Friend.
UNION FOWLS lay more EGGS than any blackleg fowls. Brown Leghorns from Prize Stick, 12/6 settings. Eight guaranteed to hatch.

Source: Pearl, Cyril, Wild Men of Sydney, Universal Books, Melbourne, 1958

Lawson & Co: associations with Henry and Louisa Lawson

Trades & Labor Council of Sydney (1871 - 1894)    Labour council at Wikipedia

 

1893 The first American-built automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, was displayed.

1918 The first direct radio message was sent from Britain to Australia.

1949 The Soviet Union announced that it had exploded its first nuclear weapon in August, thus ending America's nuclear domination of geopolitics.

1951 Australians voted against banning the Communist Party of Australia, 2,370,009 to 2,317,927, in the nation's closest-ever referendum.

1960 Mali gained independence from France.

1961 The USA Peace Corps was formed.

1965 The war between India and Pakistan over Kashmir ended after the UN called for a cease-fire.

1970 Tunku Abdul Rahman resigned as Prime Minister of Malaysia.

1972 Idi Amin, dictator of Uganda, gave 80,000 Asian-Ugandans 48 hours to leave the country.

1975 Sara Jane Moore tried to assassinate USA President Gerald Ford. Ford survived the second assassination attempt by a woman in one month when Sara Moore made an attempt on his life in San Francisco.

1979 A nuclear bomb test occurred near Bouvet Island in the South Atlantic, apparently carried out by South Africa.

1980 Iraq invaded Iran.

1980 Polish workers founded the Solidarnosc (Solidarity) trade union.

Rainbow Warrior sunk

1985 French prime minister Laurent Fabius admitted that it was French DGSE (secret service) agents who bombed the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior in Auckland Harbour, New Zealand.

Portuguese photographer Fernando Pereira was killed in the blast.

More

 

1985 The Farm Aid concert took place in Champaign, Illinois.

1985 The Plaza Accord was signed in New York City.

1986 A two-and-a-half month old baby became the youngest recipient of a heart-lung transplant, at Harefield Hospital, Middlesex, Britain.

1989 An IRA bomb killed 10 bandsmen at the Royal Marines School of Music, Deal, England.

1993 A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-154 was shot down by a missile in Sukhumi, Georgia.

1997 Bentalha massacre in Algeria; more than 200 villagers killed.

2003 Death of Margie Schoedinger (b. 1965?), American woman who had filed rape charges against President George W Bush. On December 2 the previous year, she had charged Bush with "individual sex crimes" against both herself and her husband. The Harris County, Texas Medical Examiner's Office ruled the death a suicide by self-inflicted gunshot. Schroedinger's petition to the court, and her death, received almost no media coverage inside the USA, but her allegations are widely believed to have been figments of a troubled mind.

2003 David Hempleman-Adams became the first person to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an open-air, wicker-basket hot air balloon.

2005 The Guardian carried a report by an innocent man in London, going about his normal affairs, who was arrested on the London Tube (underground railway), handcuffed, detained and questioned. His home was raided, his phones and computer equipment confiscated. Why? Because the police had new "anti-terrorism" powers.

2006 In a massive demonstration in Beirut, Hezbollah claimed "Divine Victory" over Israel.

 

Tomorrow: International Celebrate Bisexuality Day

 

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Wikipedia and David Brown's prodigious Daily Bleed are both excellent resources that aid my research.
I frequently make use of their generously liberal 'fair use', 'copyleft' and 'anti-copyright' policies, with much gratitude.
© My own copyright policy is also liberal, but as this is my livelihood, conditions apply.

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