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15


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Let Posterity know 
And knowing be astonished! 
That On the 15th day of September, 1784 
Vincent Lunardi of Lucca in Tuscany 
The First Aerial Traveller in Britain 
Mounting from the Artillery Ground 
in London
And traversing the Regions of the Air 
For two Hours and fifteen Minutes
in this Spot 
Revisited the Earth. 
On this rude Monument 
For Ages be recorded 
That wonderous enterprize,
successfully achieved
By the powers of Chymistry 
And the fortitude of man 
That improvement in Science 
Which 
The Great Author of all Knowledge 
Patronising by his Providence 
The Inventions of Mankind 
Hath generously permitted 
To their Benefit 
His own Eternal Glory

Vincent Lunardi; on his pioneer balloon flight of September 15, 1784; his own words on a monument he erected

How few the worldly evils now I dread,
No more confined this narrow earth to tread!
Should fire or water spread destruction drear, 
Or earthquake shake this sublunary sphere, 
In air-balloon to distant realms I fly,
And leave the creeping world to sink and die.

Author unknown; 'The Air Balloon, or Flying Mortal', published early in 1784

Lunardi


I believe it was God's will that we should come back, so that men might know the things that are in the world, since, as we have said in the first chapter of this book, no other man, Christian or Saracen, Mongol or pagan, has explored so much of the world as Messer Marco, son of Messer Niccolo Polo, great and noble citizen of the city of Venice.
Marco Polo, born on on September 15, 1254, writes humbly of himself; Travels

When a man is riding through this desert by night and for some reason – falling asleep or anything else – he gets separated from his companions and wants to rejoin them, he hears spirit voices talking to him as if they were his companions, sometimes even calling him by name. Often these voices lure him away from the path and he never finds it again, and many travellers have got lost and died because of this. Sometimes in the night travellers hear a noise like the clatter of a great company of riders away from the road; if they believe that these are some of their own company and head for the noise, they find themselves in deep trouble when daylight comes and they realize their mistake. There were some who, in crossing the desert, have seen a host of men coming towards them and, suspecting that they were robbers, returning, they have gone hopelessly astray ... Even by daylight men hear these spirit voices, and often you fancy you are listening to the strains of many instruments, especially drums, and the clash of arms. For this reason bands of travellers make a point of keeping very close together. Before they go to sleep they set up a sign pointing in the direction in which they have to travel, and round the necks of all their beasts they fasten little bells, so that by listening to the sound they may prevent them from straying off the path.
Marco Polo; ibid

I did not tell half of what I saw.
Marco Polo; ibid

The weather on an average is, at least, six times out of seven fine on this day.
William Hone, British folklorist; The Every-Day Book, or a Guide to the Year, William Tegg and Co., London, 1878; 1825-26 edition online

The effect was that of a miracle on the multitude which surrounded the place, and they passed from incredulity and menace into the most extravagant expressions of approbation and joy.
Vincent Lunardi on his historic balloon ascent in England in 1784

I had often looked wistfully on Jumbo, but with no hope of ever getting possession of him, as I knew him to be a great favorite of Queen Victoria, whose children and grandchildren are among the tens of thousands of British juveniles whom Jumbo had carried on his back. I did not suppose he would ever be sold.
PT Barnum in his memoirs, Struggles and Triumphs. He owned Jumbo, the world's most loved elephant, which was killed on September 15, 1885

The animal … reached out his long trunk, wrapped it around the trainer and then drew him down to where that majestic head lay blood stained in the cinders. Scotty cried like a baby. Five minutes later, they lifted him from the lifeless body … That night Scotty laid down beside the body of his friend. At last exhausted from the strain, he fell asleep.
Edgar H Flach, a prominent jeweller from Ontario, and eyewitness to the accident that killed Jumbo

Mrs Annie Besant, now in Melbourne, has come to Australia for the purpose of lecturing on Theosophy ... Mrs Besant's daughter, Mrs Besant-Scott, is married to a Melbourne pressman and is a clever young lady who has succeeded equally well as a cyclist and as spokeswoman of an adult-suffrage deputation to the Victorian Premier. ... Mrs Besant makes her clearest and brightest point in charging the church with having led man to believe that he is naturally a base animal – with having persistently cursed his fleshly lusts, and exhorted him to feel sorry for his disgraceful conduct, instead of teaching him to glory in his noble impulses. What has the brimstone shepherd to say to this?
The 'Society' column, The Bulletin of Sydney, Australia, September 15, 1894. Beginning on September 29, Mrs Besant continued her lecture tour in Sydney.

The Australians do not seem to me to differ noticeably from Americans, either in dress, carriage, ways, pronunciation, inflections, or general appearance.
American humorist Mark Twain, observing in Australia which he entered on September 15, 1895; More Tramps Abroad

I am a revolutionist – by birth, breeding, principle, and everything else.
Mark Twain, to a reporter in 1906, cited in Kaplan, Justin, Mr Clemens and Mark Twain. NY, Simon and Schuster, 1966, p 368

I detest him (Bret Harte), because I think his work is shoddy. His forte is pathos but there should be no pathos which does not come out of a man's heart. He has no heart, except his name, and I consider he has produced nothing that is genuine. He is artificial.
Mark Twain, interviewed in the Sydney, Australia; Argus, September 17, 1895

Probably there is an imperceptible touch of something permanent that one feels instinctively to adhere to true humour, whereas wit may be the mere conversational shooting up of "smartness" – a bright feather, to be blown into space the second after it is launched ... Wit seems to be counted a very poor relation to Humour … Humour is never artificial.
Mark Twain, quoted in the Sydney Morning Herald, September 17, 1895

It took me fifteen years to discover that I had no talent for writing, but I couldn't give it up because by then I was too famous.
Robert Benchley, American humourist born on September 15, 1889, grandfather of Peter Benchley, author of Jaws

The popular idea that a child forgets easily is not an accurate one. Many people go right through life in the grip of an idea which has been impressed on them in very tender years.
Agatha Christie, English mystery author, born on September 15, 1890; Murder in Mesopotamia, 1935
 
The human mind prefers to be spoon-fed with the thoughts of others, but deprived of such nourishment it will, reluctantly, begin to think for itself
–  and such thinking, remember, is original thinking and may have valuable results.
Agatha Christie; The Moving Finger, 1942
 
I don't think necessity is the mother of invention – invention . . . arises directly from idleness, possibly also from laziness. To save oneself trouble.
Agatha Christie; An Autobiography, 1977

I like living. I have sometimes been wildly, despairingly, acutely miserable, racked with sorrow, but through it all I still know quite certainly that just to be alive is a grand thing.
Agatha Christie; ibid

At the premiere of King Kong I wasn't too impressed. I thought there was too much screaming ... I didn't realise then that King Kong and I were going to be together for the rest of our lives, and longer.
Fay Wray, American actress, born on September 15, 1907

I'm on a string of grandslams – I have one in a row.
Tennis player Andr้ Agassi, press conference, September 15, 1994

 

 

 

September 15 is the 258th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (259th in leap years), with 107 days remaining.
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Onam, Kerala, India (2005; date varies; August - September)

A note about the dating of items in Wilson's Almanac

Onam, a harvest festival, is celebrated in Kerala, a state in India. It generally falls in the months of August-September. Onam is a celebration to mark the annual return of the spirit of the mythical King Mahabali to his kingdom, and a commemoration of his benevolent rule and his sacrifice. The festivities are intended to assure the King that his people are happy and to wish him well.

Mahabali, according to the legend was a just and a wise ruler dearly loved by all his subjects. He however incurred the wrath of the gods when he tried to extend his kingdom to paathaalam (the nether world), and to the heavens. The ruler of heaven and king of the devas, Lord Indra, was apprehensive of Mahabali's popularity and might, and approached Lord Vishnu, the preserver in the Hindu trinity, for help and advice.

Vishnu then took on the shape of a (Vamana) Brahmin, (the Vamana is considered one of the avatars of Lord Vishnu), and went to see Mahabali. He approached the King in this form and asked him for alms. Mahabali was a very generous man. He told the Vamana to ask for anything. The Vamana asked for three paces of land and the king agreed to the request.

Immediately the Vamana began to grow in size until he became as big as the universe. With the first step, he covered the entire earth, with the next paathaalam, and there was no land left for his third step. Mahabali, who was a man of principles, in order to stay true to his word, asked the Vamana to step upon his head. The Vamana placed his foot on Mahabali's head and pushed him into paathaalam. However, before doing so, he granted Mahabali a boon. Mahabali requested to be allowed to return and country once a year to visit his people. As the legend goes, he comes to visit his people during the festival of Onam. In memory of the happy days of Mahabali's rule, his annual home-coming is celebrated in Kerala with pomp and splendour.

The glory of those ancient times is recaptured in a popular folk song, which is sung all over Kerala:

When Mahabali ruled the land / Everyone was equal / Happily they lived / Danger befell none / There was no falsehood, or fraud / And no untruth//

The most important things about Onam are the onakkodi, the new dress worn on this day and ona sadhya, a feast which is quite elaborate. During Onam, people create a multi-colored floral decoration on the ground in the front of their home called a pookkalam. Young children are often entrusted with the task of gathering and laying out the flowers in elaborate patterns.

The Vallamkali (the snake boat race) is another event that is synonymous with Onam. Well-known races include the Aranmula Boat Race and the Nehru Trophy Boat Race. About 100 oarsmen row huge and graceful snake boats and men and women come from far and near to watch the snake boats skim through the water.

This festival is also important because of its secular character. Whatever might be the origin of Onam, today it is celebrated with equal fervour by the Hindus, Muslims and Christians, and hence it cannot be regarded as a Hindu festival in strict sense.

Source: Wikipedia    More

Dates: September 15, 2005; September 5, 2006; August 27, 2007; September 12, 2008; September 2, 2009

 

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AthenaBirthday of the goddess Athena, ancient Greece

Athena, (Phoenician Onga) also transliterated as Athene, the Greek goddess of wisdom, strategy, and war associated by the Romans with their Etruscan goddess Minerva, was attended by an owl, carried the goatskin shield (called the Aegis) given to her from her father, Zeus – she was born fully armed from his forehead – and was accompanied by the goddess of victory, Nike

Athena is an armed warrior goddess, never a child, always a virgin, (parthenos). The Parthenon at Athens, Greece is her most famous shrine. She never had a consort or lover. According to Herodotus Athena was a Berber goddess originally.

The city of Pallas Athena

Athena was fond of building towns. It came to pass one day that she said to the people of a fishing village, "Raise me a temple on the hill and I will be your protector forever." This they did, until the god of the sea, Poseidon, called out that as he was the only one who had watched the town being built, he should have the honour of naming it, or else he would unleash such tempests that would engulf the whole world.

However, Pallas Athene (Athena) answered him: "If this place is destroyed, it will not belong to either of us. Let each of us give a gift to the citizens, and let them decide."

Poseidon struck the sea with his trident, and a fine horse galloped out from the waves, at which sight the people marvelled. Then Pallas touched a blade of grass, upon which action an olive tree grew up suddenly.

The people cried out blessings on the olive tree, because it would provide food and oil for lamps. "More precious than the horse is the olive!" they cried.

Thus the new town was named Athens, in honour of the wise goddess.  

Source of date: The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar

See also Panathenaea, ancient Athens, in honour of Athena (c. Aug 8 - 17)

Athena online shrine    Festivals in ancient Greece

 

Greater Eleusinian Mysteries, ancient Greece (Sep 10 - 19)

Sixth day: the procession to Eleusis began at the Kerameikos in Athens. The very important Holy Night of the Mysteries followed, in which the queen of the underworld was summoned. Hippolytus (Refutatio, V8, 39) writes "The Athenians when initiating (people) into the Eleusinian [Mysteries] show to those who have been made epopts the mighty and wonderful and most perfect mystery for an epopt there – a mown ear of corn – in silence" (the ear of grain representing Demeter). A note about the dating of items in Wilson's Almanac

"The sixth [day] was called Iacchos, from Iacchus … who accompanied his mother in search of Proserpine, with a torch in his hand. From that circumstance his statue had a torch in its hand, and was carried in solemn procession from the Ceramics to Eleusis … In the way nothing was heard but singing and the noise of brazen kettles, as the votaries danced along. The way through which they issued from the city was called Hiera hodos, the sacred way, the resting place Hiera syke, from the fig tree which grew in the neighbourhood. They also stopped on a bridge over the Cephisus, where they derided those that passed by. After they had passed this bridge they entered Eleusis by a place called mystike eisodos, the mystical entrance."
John Lempriere (c. 1765 - February 1, 1824), Bibliotheca Classica or Classical Dictionary (1788), Hippocrene Books, 1986   Source

"By the Greek reckoning the next day, the 20th of Boedromion, began with the evening of the holy night … We do not know precisely what sort of sacred objects had been brought from Eleusis to Athens five days before but only that after crossing the Athenian border those bearing them had stopped by the hiera syke, the sacred fig tree. But as we shall soon see, the choice of the site probably had to do with these objects. They were kept for a time in the Eleusinion of Athens, and carried back to Eleusis in the procession. The priestesses bore them on their heads in baskets. Statues of these basket bearers flanked the inside of the gate leading into the sacred precinct. We should know still less but for the discovery of a painting, the gift of a certain Niinnion, representing the procession and more than that; the idea of the procession. 

"It was impossible to keep secret certain of the elements characteristic of the procession: the myrtle boughs in the hair and in the hands of the mystai, the cry 'lakchos' …

"In Niinnion's painting, lakchos and the goddess Hecate, both bearing torches, lead the initiates – men and women towards the great Goddesses of Eleusis. In dark clothing and bearing pilgrims' staffs like the simplest of wanderers, the mystai follow in the traces of the grieving goddesses. White garments were first introduced into the festival in 168 (of this era). Probably this was due to the influence of the Egyptian mysteries, the cult of Isis, of which such white garments were characteristic. But already in the classical period the garments worn on the occasion of the myesis were held in high esteem. They were dedicated to the goddesses or kept as swaddling clothes for the new generation, although they were the simplest sort of dress, that worn by beggars and wayfarers … Apart from the myrtle the mystai are identified as such by two other signs: the women bear kykeon vessels carefully bound to their heads, and in the hands of the men we recognize the little pitcher which Herakles, Hermes, and the gods of Agrai held in their hands.

"It was a kind of procession of spirits, cloaked in a veil of secrecy, which became more and more dense as the mystai approached Eleusis … On the bridge the procession was awaited by mockery and strange games, the gephyrismoi, or 'bridge jests'. According to one report they were performed by a woman, a hetaira … In Aristophanes a comic old woman boasts of having figured at the bridge, in a cart (Plutus 1014). She was playing the role of Iambe, or rather of Baubo, who with her jokes and lewd gestures moved Demeter to laughter. This episode served to relieve the mourning of the mystai. It was the moment to drink of the kykeon which the women had brought along on their heads …

"A second watercourse, which is today still in evidence, the salty Rheitoi, was also crossed by a bridge … Here, in all probability, the mystai had to identify themselves with the words that have come down to us as their password and sign of recognition, or synthema. They are a summary of everything the initiated had to do before being admitted to the epopteia. In the form that has come down to us, only what was no secret is stated clearly: 'I have fasted, drunk the kykeon, taken things out of the big basket and, after performing a rite, put them in the little basket, whence I put them back in the big basket'.

"The word that I have translated as 'little basket' is kalathos, while the 'big basket' is kiste, the cista mystica. The 'rite' refers to the myesis … The kalathos may have belonged to the Kore … the cista mystica on which Demeter is sitting [is that] from which the unnamed mysterious something is taken to be put into the little basket and to which it is returned."
Carl Kerenyi, Eleusis, Princeton University Press; Reprint edition (August 12, 1991)   Source


Ganesh Chaturthi (Hinduism; date varies annually, approx. Aug 20 to Sep 15)

Feast day of St Hernan

Feast day of St John , the dwarf, anchoret of Scete

Feast day of St Joseph Abibos

Feast day of St Katherine of Genoa, widow

Feast day of St Nicetas
(Byzantine saffron, Colchicum byzantinum, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)

Feast day of St Our Lady of Sorrows

Our Lady of Sorrows (Latin: mater dolorosa, the sorrowed mother) is a title given in the Roman Catholic Church to Mary, mother of Jesus. She is the patron saint of Slovakia, the state of Mississippi, and Mola di Bari, Italy.

Mary's Seven Sorrows
Canonically, seven of Mary's sorrows are specifically honoured:

The first altar to the mater dolorosa was set up in 1221 at the monastery of Sch๖nau. The veneration of Our Lady of Sorrows on 15 September was initiated in 1239 by the Servite order in Florence, Italy. It was made universal by Pope Pius VII in 1814.

Another feast, established in the seventeenth century and made universal in 1727, was originally celebrated on the last Friday before Palm Sunday, but in 1913 Pope Pius X set the date on September 15.

In iconography, Our Lady of Sorrows is represented as the Virgin Mary wounded by seven swords in her heart.

Source: Wikipedia    Titles of Mary    Liturgical Calendar

Feast day of the Seven Sorrows of Virgin Maria, Slovakia

Feast day of St Paolo Manna

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Pilgrimage of the Black Madonna, Switzerland (Sep 14 - 20)

Ginger Festival, at Daijin Shrine, Tokyo, Japan (Sep 11 - 21)

Begin fattening fowls for Michaelmas feasts (Sep 29)

Feast of San Gennaro, New York, USA (c. Sep 11 - 22)

Celebration of Gahambar Paitishahem, for Paitishahem the Corn-giver, Zoroastrian (Sep 12 - 16)

Commemoration of the Battle of Britain, United Kingdom
Commemorated on the day of the last massive Luftwaffe attack in 1940.

Third Monday of September, Respect for the Aged Day, Japan
A Japanese holiday celebrated annually to honour elderly citizens. In Japanese, it is known as Keirō no Hi. A national holiday since 1966, this used to be held on September 15. In 2000, Japan implemented the Happy Monday Seido (Happī Mandē Sēdo) which moved a number of national holidays to Mondays. Since 2003, Respect for the Aged Day has been held on the third Monday of September.

Independence Day from Spain (1821) for Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, celebrated everywhere with marches from schoolchildren.

The first day of school, Bulgaria

Silpa Bhirasri Day, Thailand

 

 

 

On which day of the week were you born? Find out here

 

Merry Christmas!7 BCE Is this Jesus Christ's birthday?

Perhaps we should deck the halls with boughs of spring flowers, because an English astronomer suggested that Jesus might have been born on September 15, 7 BCE.

Dr David Hughes, of Sheffield University, argued that September 15 is the real Christmas for the following reasons:

In the Gospel of St Luke we read that Joseph took Mary to Bethlehem because "... there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed. And this taxing was first made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria. And all went to be taxed, every one in his own city" (Luke 2:1,2). Such a decree occurred about 8 BCE.

King Herod (Herod the Great) was so infuriated that a rival had been born (the 'King of the Jews') that he ordered the massacre of all baby boys in Israel, but Mary and Joseph fled to Egypt. They stayed there for two years until Herod's death, said to have closely followed a lunar eclipse. Lunar eclipses occurred in 4 BCE and 1 BCE.

The distinctive astronomical phenomenon that happened between 8 BCE and 1 BCE, that could be equated with the Star of Bethlehem, is the conjunction of the giant planet Jupiter with Saturn in the constellation of Pisces (considered the Zodiacal sign of the Jews). This began on May 27, 7 BCE and continued for some months – long enough for the three wise men (astrologers) to follow the phenomenon cross country. On September 15, the Magi (three wise men) would have seen a striking phenomenon, the conjoined rising of this celestial light on the eastern horizon, at sunset.

If Dr Hughes is right, the Magi would have arrived at the inn at Bethlehem with their presents for the Christ child, on the day the star stopped over that town – December 1, 7 BCE.

November 17, 3 BCE was the birthday of Jesus Christ, according to early Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria (c.155 CE - between 211 and 216).


Maya and Buddha; Isis and Horus; Mary and Jesus; Devaki and Krishna
Maya and Buddha; Isis and Horus; Mary and Jesus; Devaki and Krishna

 

Another guess: September 29, 5 BCE    What day was Jesus born?

When was Jesus Born?    The UnMuseum: Bethlehem's Star

September 11, 3 BCE?    March 1, 7 BCE, at 1:21 a.m.? (good day for a birthday!)

September 14, 5 BCE?    In what year was Jesus born?

Was Jesus Born on the 25th of December?    Was Jesus Born at the Church of the Nativity?

December 25 in the Book of Days

Revealing the Star of Bethlehem    Star of Bethlehem bibliography

 

973 Al-Biruni (d. 1048), mathematician

1254 Marco Polo (d. January 8, 1324), Venetian trader and explorer who, together with his father and uncle, was one of the first Westerners to travel the Silk Road to China (which he called Cathay) and visited the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, Kubilai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan). As a prisoner of war of the Genoese, he had dictated to a fellow inmate, Rustichello of Pisa, a book of memoirs called Travels, which may be fact or fiction.

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1613 Fran็ois, Duc de La Rochefoucauld, French writer (Reflexions ou sentences et maximes morales)

1649 Titus Oates, English priest who stirred up anti-Catholic sentiments in 1678 by inventing a 'Popish plot' to kill King Charles II. He was later sentenced for his crimes, and his total punishment was reported to have been the staggering number of 2,256 lashes, applied with a six-thonged whip. William III released Oates in 1689, and he received a pension.

"Ruthless and amoral, Titus Oates helped to inspire the "Popish Plot" of the late 1670's. Claiming that he had infiltrated a secret conspiracy to return the Catholic church to power, he gained the support of many influential figures. At least 20 innocents were executed because of his rants; but his acts did not go unpunished. One Edward Coleman, private secretary of James, was executed during the hysteria upon the discovery of personal letters he had written to Louis XIV supporting the promotion of Catholicism in England. He was finally silenced after being convicted of perjury in 1685. Sentenced to yearly whippings, he was not released until the arrival of William of Orange in 1688. He lived until 1705 in relative obscurity."   Source

1789 James Fenimore Cooper (d. 1851), American author (Leatherstocking Tales; The Last of the Mohicans)

1857 William Taft (William Howard Taft; d. 1930), USA Supreme Court Justice and 27th President of the United States

1876 Bruno Walter (d. 1962), conductor

1879 Joseph Lyons (d. 1939), tenth Prime Minister of Australia

1889 Robert Benchley (d. 1945), American humourist, newspaper columnist, film actor, and drama literary editor, grandfather of Peter Benchley (b. 1940), author of Jaws

1890 Agatha Christie (d. 1976), British crime writer

1890 Claude McKay (b. May 22, 1948), Jamaican-born writer and communist. His novel, Home to Harlem (1928), became the most popular novel written by an American black at the time. His poem 'If We Must Die' was used by