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fnordreetings from Australia. 

Welcome to this Red-Letter Day. Below you will find today's global celebrations, birthdays and events.

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26


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So powerful is the light of unity, that it can illuminate the whole earth.
Bahá'u'lláh; Gleanings from the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1983, p. 288

There was naturally short suspense for those present who could not see, when Lord Carnarvon said to me `Can you see anything'. I replied to him Yes, it is wonderful. I then with precaution made the hole sufficiently large for both of us to see. With the light of an electric torch as well as an additional candle we looked in. Our sensations and astonishment are difficult to describe as the better light revealed to us the marvellous collection of treasuresWe closed the hole, locked the wooden-grill which had been placed upon the first doorway, we mounted our donkeys and return home contemplating what we had seen.
Archaeologist Howard Carter, from his diary that night, after seeing inside Tutankhamun's tomb on Sunday, November 26, 1922

Time will not admit of our giving more than the foregoing brief outline of Judge Burton's speech on passing sentence, during the delivery of which the judge was deeply affected – to tears.  His Honor was listened to with the deepest attention by a crowded court; and we trust that the remarks which fell from the Bench will have the effect they were intended to produce on the audience – of showing them that the black man, like the white man, has a soul to be saved, and that any outrage on the former by the latter, will be as soon avenged, as would be an outrage on the white man by the black savage.
Myall Creek Massacre trial: Regina v. Kilmeister and others (No. 2), Supreme Court of New South Wales, Burton, J, November 26, 1838

Cream Disraeli Gears

Reasoning at every step he treads,
Man yet mistakes his way,
While meaner things, whom instinct leads,
Are rarely known to stray.

William Cowper, English poet and hymnist, possibly born on November 26, 1731; from 'The Doves' (1780), line 1

Candid, and generous, and just,
Boys care but little whom they trust,
An error soon corrected—
For who but learns in riper years
That man, when smoothest he appears
Is most to be suspected?

William Cowper; from 'Friendship' (1782), line 19

Toll for the brave —
The brave! that are no more;
All sunk beneath the wave,
Fast by their native shore!

William Cowper; from 'On the Loss of the Royal George' (1791), st. 1

And Satan trembles when he sees
The weakest saint upon his knees.

William Cowper; from Olney Hymns (1779), No. 29, 'Exhortation to Prayer'

Glory, built
On selfish principles, is shame and guilt.

William Cowper; from Table Talk (1782), Line 1

How much a dunce that has been sent to roam
Excels a dunce that has been kept at home!

William Cowper; from The Progress of Error (1782), Line 415

I pity bashful men, who feel the pain
Of fancied scorn and undeserved disdain,
And bear the marks upon a blushing face,
Of needless shame, and self-impos'd disgrace.

William Cowper; from Conversation (1782), Line 347

Oh, had I received the education I desired, had I been bred to the profession of the law, I might have been a useful member of society, and instead of myself and my property being taken care of, I might have been a protector of the helpless, a pleader for the poor and unfortunate.
Sarah Moore Grimké, American abolitionist, attorney, judge and feminist, born on November 26, 1792; As quoted in The Grimke Sisters from South Carolina (1969) by Gerda Lerna

There has been a comparatively greater proportion of good queens, than of good kings.
Sarah Moore Grimké, from Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman (1853), Letter 9 (August 25, 1837)

If the sewing societies, the avails of whose industry are now expended in supporting and educating young men for the ministry, were to withdraw their contributions to these objects, and give them where they are more needed, to their advancement of their own sex in useful learning, the next generation might furnish sufficient proof, that in intelligence and ability to master the whole circle of sciences, woman is not inferior to man.
Sarah Moore Grimké, ibid, Letter 15 (October 20, 1837)

I know nothing of man's rights, or woman's rights; human rights are all that I recognise.
Sarah Moore Grimké; ibid

I didn't mean you were stupid. It's just that you're not logical, which isn't the same thing at all.
Eugčne Ionesco, French-Romanian playwright and dramatist, born on November 26, 1909; Amédée from Amédée or How to Get Rid of It (1954)

It is not the answer that enlightens, but the question.
Eugčne Ionesco

It isn't what people think that's important, but the reason they think what they think.
Eugčne Ionesco

Ideologies separate us. Dreams and anguish bring us together.
Eugčne Ionesco

Why do people always expect authors to answer questions? I am an author because I want to ask questions. If I had answers, I'd be a politician.
Eugčne Ionesco

 

 

 

November 26 is the 330th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (331st in leap years), with 35 days remaining.
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Eid ul-Fitr (Eid al Fitr; Eid al-Fitr; Eid ul Fitr; 'Id-al-Fitr) (2003)

On the dating of items in the Almanac

Today (Eid, or 'Id; Arabic: عيد الفطر, Persian: عید فطرTurkish: Ramazan Bayramı / Şeker Bayramı, often abbreviated as simply Eid; Hari Raya Puasa in South-east Asia) is one of the most important days in the Islamic calendar, and commences with the first sighting of the first New Moon following Ramadan. When the Ramadan fast ends (the first day of the month of Shawwal) it is celebrated for three days in a holiday called Id-al-Fitr (the Feast of Fast Breaking). Gifts are exchanged; friends and family gather for large meals and to pray in congregation. In some cities, fairs are held to celebrate the end of the Fast of Ramadan.

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When the first sliver of the crescent ('new') moon appears, the fast of Ramadan (the ninth month of the Islamic calendar) comes to an end. It is similar to Christmas/New Year's festivals (sometimes Muslim people will explain to non-Muslims that the Eid, or Id, is "like our Christmas"), in that often people buy new clothes, especially for the children, who are dressed in finery. In many cities, there are carnivals with rides and games. Relatives give children coins and sweets as gifts. Families gather for feasts, to indulge in the foods that were only enjoyed at night during Ramadan.
MacDonald, Margaret Read, The Folklore of World Holidays, Gale Research 1992  

"Muslims use many phrases in various languages to congratulate one another for the completion of the obligation of fasting and the 'Eid-ul-Fitr festival. Here is a sampling of them:

"Kullu am wa antum bi-khair" (May you be well throughout the year) – Arabic

"Atyab at-tihani bi-munasabat hulul shahru Ramadan al-Mubarak" (The most precious congratulations on the occasion of the coming of Ramadan) – Arabic

"Elveda, ey Ramazan" (Farewell, O Ramadan) – Turkish

"'Eid mubarak (A Blessed 'Eid)" – universal"   Source

"'Id begins with a trip to the mosque. Alms are given to the poor, and everyone rejoices on this day. There is usually a party on the evening of 'Id. Since Islam bans dancing or drinking, there are no "dance parties" or alcohol beverages served. Instead, soft drinks and sherbet are served with the food. Mostly sweet foods are served on this day. One drink, Sekanjabin, which is a sweet mint drink, is served at most 'Id parties."   Source  

 

 

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Bahá'í Day of the Covenant, Bahá'í Faith

Bahá'í founder, Bahá'u'lláh, a Persian nobleman who became one of the early, prominent followers of the Báb, made a covenant with his followers in order to prevent division of the faith into sects and denominations. Day of the Covenant commemorates this covenant.

Bahá'ís, moreover, claim that the covenant is not only for members of their faith, but for all the world, designed, unlike any religious system of the past, to preserve the unity of all humanity through the organic workings of a social order based on spiritual principles. "So firm and mighty" is this covenant, Bahá'u'lláh's son 'Abdu'l-Bahá affirmed, "that from the beginning of time until the present day, no religious Dispensation hath produced its like." (Shoghi Effendi, The World Order of Bahá'u'lláh: Selected Letters, Wilmette: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, 1991, p. 136)

Bahá'ís observe 11 Holy Days in their calendar, with abstinence from all work on nine of these. The Day of the Covenant is also in a sense a celebration of 'Abdu'l-Bahá's life.

The Bahá'í calendar

"The Bahá'í calendar was established by the Báb. The year consists of 19 months of 19 days, and 4 or 5 intercalary days, to make a full solar year. The New Year occurs on the vernal equinox, March 21, at the end of the month of fasting.

"Bahá'í communities gather at the beginning of each month at a meeting called a 'feast' for worship, consultation and socializing. While the name may seem to suggest that an elaborate meal is served, that is not necessarily the case. Sometimes refreshments are plentiful, but they can be as simple as bread and water."   Source

 


Spring in the Valley of the Mitta Mitta with the Bogong Ranges, 1866, Eugene von Guérard

Bogong moth courtesy Arthur's Clip ArtLate November, the Bogong Moth Dreaming, Australia

North-East and Upper Murray River region of Victoria

A note about the dating of items in Wilson's Almanac 

Bogong moth image courtesy Arthur's Clip Art

"The Bogong Moth Agrotis infusa is common throughout southern Australia. These brown to blackish moths have a wingspan of approximately 45 millimetres. Adults make lengthy migrations to spend summer months in large congregations in caves and crevices of rocks in the Australian Alps notably to the region of Mount Bogong and the Bogong High Plains in Victoria. They are attracted to lights, such as those in the Canberra area, at night. Large numbers may enter houses or other buildings to rest during the day. In winter, adults disperse to pastures across inland New South Wales and Queensland to lay their eggs. This subfamily are characterised by their stoutly built bodies covered with long dense scales. The larvae, collectively known as cutworms, are also stoutly built. They feed on a wide variety of low growing plants. The name cutworm come from the larvae's habit of cutting off plant parts during the night which they drag back to their burrows in the soil as food. Bogongs moths are univoltine (i.e. it has one generation per year). The Lepidopteran life cycle consists of four stages; ova (eggs), several larval instars (caterpillars), pupa (cocoon), and imagines (adults)."   Source

Six aboriginal clans used to meet at Mungabareena ('the gathering place'), east of Albury, for the Bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) feast. At the end of November, the healthiest in these clans made this annual journey, while the elderly and babies stayed behind. Six of the seven clans met; the seventh, Minjambutta (or Minjamurra) the Echidna totem people stayed behind on their own lands.

The clans:

Circle colour

Name

Clan

Region

Green/blue

Yiatmathang

Wombat

Kiewa/Mitta Mitta Valley

Tan

Waradjuri

Kangaroo

Lower NSW

Green

Dora Dora

Possum

Jindabyne

Mauve

Duduroa

Tasmanian Tiger

Wodonga

Yellow

Minjambutta

Echidna

Ovens/King Valley

Blue

Pangerang

Koala

Goulburn Valley

Brown

Kwatt Kwatta

Emu

Rutherglen Plains

Each clan had its own lands and language, but one thing in common was this annual alpine meet which was occurring long before European settlement in 1788.

At the end of November, the healthiest individuals in these clans made this annual journey, while the elderly and babies stayed behind. Six of the seven clans met, the seventh, Minjambutta the Echidna stayed behind on their own lands.

At the meeting, they performed a welcoming ceremony and settled all disputes, including trade disputes; the youths were given their first initiation ceremonies; young betrothed women were given in ceremony to husbands; requests and invitations were made from each of the clans to the Yiatmathang; permission was requested to cross the Murray and journey up the Kiewa Valley through their territory "to Towonga and climb to the Bogong High Plains to celebrate the spirit of the mountains and feast on the Bogong Moth".

The Kiewa/Mitta Mitta Valleys and the Victorian Alps on the Murray side belong to the Yiatmathang but they shared with all. At end of Summer they saw the mists rising and knew this was the great Spirit awakening from within the mountain and it was time to leave.

My source is largely 'The Bogong Moth Dreaming' (pamphlet), by Eddie 'Kookaburra' Kneebone c. 1995 (courtesy Francis Firebrace)
  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Phylum: Arthropoda
  • Class: Insecta
  • Order: Lepidoptera
  • Family: Noctuidae
  • Genus: Agrotis
Species: infusa (bogong moth)

"These congregations of moths provide nutritious food for many Australian native animals such as the mountain pygmy-possum Burramys parvus. Bogong moths were also consumed by the Australian Aborigines who inhabited the area."   Agrotis infusa (bogong moths)

 

Alpine - Bogong High Plains

 

 

Last Saturday in November, Ngan Girra Festival

"Early summer barbeques along the east coast of Australia wouldn't be the same without a visit from one of our most amazing insects. Bogong Moths, Agrostis [sic] infusa, migrate over 1000km each year from the black soil plains of Queensland and western NSW to the Australian Alps, seeking refuge from the summer heat. Along the way, they travel by night and then in the morning, drop down to the ground to rest in the shade during the day ...

"Where: Darling Downs, Queensland, and the Bogong Plains, Victoria ( near the town of Mt Beauty). The moth's breeding grounds stretch from inland southern Queensland and northern NSW right down to the Hay plains.

"When: Bogong moths fly south from Queensland every spring to wait out the heat of summer in alpine caves. They return in autumn to Queensland to mate. The Ngan Girra Festival (formerly the Bogong Moth Festival) is held on the last Saturday in November, 2002."   Source

 

Mungabareena Ngan-Girra Festival (formerly Bogong Moth Festival)Mungabareena Ngan-Girra Festival (formerly Bogong Moth Festival)

"Mungabareena Ngan-Girra Festival is an Indigenous community run event, run in conjunction with Albury city Council, Charles Sturt University and Australians for Reconciliation Albury Wodonga. Ngan-Girra will be held on Saturday 30th November 2002 at Mungabareena Reserve, Albury.

"Mungabareena is a significant Indigenous site, where many Indigenous tribes came to trade, exchange information, perform ceremonies and Corroboree. The theme of Ngan-Girra is the putting aside of differences and coming together in the spirit of reconciliation, just as the traditional people of the region did when they gathered at Mungabareena.

"The Ngan-Girra is an annual Indigenous cultural day that will attract both Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, not only from the local community, but from communities far and wide. Ngan-Girra encourages young and old to share and experience Indigenous culture, both modern and traditional.

"Ngan-Girra also provides an opportunity for Indigenous people to demonstrate and display their skills. It is a place where they can interact and learn from each other as well as introducing others to the richness of Australia's Indigenous cultures."   Source

 

Sad footnote: End of Bogong Moth Dreaming

These days, the lowlands where the Bogong moths grow up as caterpillars is so polluted from agricultural chemicals such as insecticides, that the Bogong moths that arrive in the highlands are too toxic for human consumption. Even worse, the soil around where they die is also being polluted from their now-toxic bodies, as the moths unwittingly have become transport vessels for arsenic over vast distances, even from as far away as Queensland, over 1,000 kilometres.

 

 

Australian Aboriginal Weather Database is linked in the blogroll at the Blogmanac (L-H column)

 

Bogongs Migrating South - Photos    More on the Bogong moth

 

 

 

Feast day of St Albert of Haigerloch

Feast day of St Alypius

Feast day of St Amator of Autun

Feast day of St Conrad, Bishop of Constance, confessor 
(Linear wood sorrel, Oxalis linearis, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)

Feast day of St Dominic Doan Xuyen

Feast day of the Espousals of Mary (to St Joseph), Roman Catholic Church in Spanish countries (celebrated January 23 in the Latin Catholic Church)

Feast day of St Faustus

Feast day of St Gaetana Sterni

Celebration of the Excellence of St Genevieve, Paris

Feast day of St Giacomo Alberione

Feast day of St Hesychius

Feast day of St Leonard of Port Maurice

Feast day of St Peter of Alexandria

Feast day of St Siricius
Bishop of Rome from December 17, 384 until his death on November 26, 399, Siricius was successor to Damasus and was himself succeeded by Anastasius I. He was also the first Bishop of Rome to use the title of Pope.

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Feast day of Stylianus of Adrianopolis, Hermit
He was a stylite, or pillar saint, one of a number of medieval Christian holy men who chose to live such a harsh life. At the age of 30 he was called to a life of perfection and became a hermit, first in an isolated cell, fasting and mortifying himself; he was then led by visions to the top of a column, where he stayed for the rest of his life, which lasted almost 100 years. On his pillar, like St Simeon (Simon) Stylites he was persecuted by demons and accomplished many miracles both before and after his death.

Feast day of St Sylvester Gozzolini, abbot of Osimo, instituter of the Sylvestrin monks

Shop Saints

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Onion Market Day (Berne, Switzerland) autumn festival

Manhood rites, Senegal
"Senegal: approximate date of the annual manhood initiation rites in Basari villages of Senegal. The centuries-old ceremonies are followed by a joyous celebration of dancing, singing, and athletic competition."
Source: Earth, Moon and Sky

Fire festival, Tibet
"
Tibet: fire festival, dedicated to the goddesses who rule over light and fire."
Source: Earth, Moon and Sky

 

 

Proclamation Day, Mongolia

 

 

 

1607 John Harvard (d. September 14, 1638), cleric

1609 Henry Dunster (d. 1659), English president of Harvard College

1657 William Derham (d. 1735), English minister and writer

1678 Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (d. 1771), French geophysicist

1731 Some sources give today as the birth date of William Cowper (d. April 25, 1800), English poet, co-author with John Newton of Olney Hymns (main entry in BoD, November 15)

1792 Sarah Grimké (d. 1873), American slavery abolitionist and women's rights advocate

1827 Ellen G White (née Harmon) (d. July 16, 1915), American Christian leader whose prophetic ministry was instrumental in founding the Sabbatarian Adventist movement that led to the rise of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

Skeptical website on Ellen G White

1832 Mary Edwards Walker (d. 1919), feminist, physician

 

1867 (or 1869?) Roderic Quinn, Australian poet ('The House of the Commonwealth'; 'The Lotus-Flower'; 'Stars in the Sea'), one of The Bulletin school of poets and friend of Henry Lawson; with Victor Daley he was a poet of the 'Celtic Twilight'. (Brother of Patrick Quinn.)

From 'The Hidden Tide'

By Roderic Quinn

Within the world a second world 
That circles ceaselessly: 
Stars in the sky and sister stars — 
Turn in your eyes and see! 

Tides of the sea that rise and fall, 
Aheave from Pole to Pole — 
And kindred swayings, veiled but felt, 
That noise along the soul. 

Yon moon, noon-rich, high-throned, remote, 
And pale with pride extreme, 
Draws up the sea, but what white moon 
Exalts the tide of Dream? 

The Fisher-Folk who cast their nets 
In Vision's golden tide 
Oft bring to light misshapen shells, 
And nothing worth beside ...

Lawson & Co: associations with Henry and Louisa Lawson

1869 Maud, Queen of Norway (d.1938)

1876 Willis Carrier (d. 1950), engineer, inventor

1877 Alfred Cortot (d. 1962), Swiss pianist

1885 Heinrich Brüning (d. 1970), German Reichskanzler 1930 - 1932

1894 Norbert Wiener (d. 1964), mathematician, founder of Cybernetics

1895 William Griffith Wilson (Bill Wilson; William Wilson; Bill W; d. January 24, 1971), co-founder of the self-help group Alcoholics Anonymous (see May 12  and June 12, 1935). The other co-founder was Dr Bob Smith.

In 2002, the General Service Office of Alcoholics Anonymous reported that there were more than 100,000 AA groups worldwide, with a combined membership of approximately two million alcoholics.

The first documented recovery meeting of AA's 'daughter' organisation, Narcotics Anonymous, was held on October 5 (qv), 1953.

An atheist critique of AA    Bill W's story on YouTube     More

1899 Bruno Hauptmann (d. 1936), kidnapper of Charles Lindbergh III

1909 Eugčne Ionesco (d. 1994), French-Romanian dramatist of the Theatre of the Absurd

1910 Cyril Cusack (d. 1993), Irish actor

1912 Eric Sevareid (d. 1992), journalist

1915 Earl Wild, pianist

1922 Charles M Schulz (d. 2000), cartoonist (Peanuts)

1924 George Segal, sculptor

1925 Eugene Istomin (d. 2003), pianist

1933 Robert Goulet, American singer, actor

1934 Barry Coe, actor

1937 Boris Yegorov, cosmonaut

1938 Rich Little, comedian, actor

1939 Tina Turner (Anna Mae Bullock), singer, actress ('We Don't Need Another Hero'; 'The Best'); elected to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (with ex Ike Turner) in 1991

1943 Bruce Paltrow (d. 2002), producer, director

1945 Daniel Davis, actor (The Nanny)

1945 John McVie, rock musician (Fleetwood Mac)

Wilson's Almanac Book of Days hip list

1951 Ilona Staller, aka Cicciolina, Italian pornographic film actress, politician

1959 Jamie Rose, actress

1972 Arjun Rampal, Indian actor

1981 Aurora Snow, pornographic film actress

1985 Lil' Fizz, American singer

 

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399 Death of Pope Siricius.

885 Vikings attacked Paris.

1252 Death of Blanche of Castile, wife of Louis VIII of France.

1326 Death of Hugh the younger Despenser (b. 1286), English knight.

1379 New College, Oxford, was founded by William of Wykeham.

1504 Death of Isabella, Queen of Castile and Aragon, wife of Ferdinand II and patron of Christopher Columbus. She and her husband founded the Spanish Inquisition and expelled Jews and Muslims from Spain.

1688 France's King Louis XIV declared war on the Netherlands.  

1703 Britain and Ireland: The Great Storm of 1703 continued (began November 24; most intense between November 25 - 26).

1716 The first lion was exhibited in America (in Boston).

1778 In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook and his men became the first Europeans to see Maui.

1805 Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct

1825 At Union College in Schenectady, New York a group of college students formed Kappa Alpha Society as the first American college social fraternity.

1832 The beginning of New York's public transport system: horse-drawn streetcars went into operation.

 

1838 Australia: The Myall Creek Massacre culprits were found guilty of murder.

On Saturday, June 9, 1838, twelve European stockmen in Australia rounded up approximately 28 Kwiambal Aborigines at Myall Creek (a branch of the Gwydir River, near Narrabri), and killed them with knives and guns. The stockmen, who had accused the Aboriginal people of pilfering, were acquitted at a trial on November 15, but, following a public uproar, faced trial again on November 26 and were found guilty. Seven of the twelve murderers were executed under Governor Sir George Gipps's authority.

Massacre at Myall Creek

Indigenous Portal    More    More    And more

Myall Creek Massacre Memorial    Vandals deface Australia's Myall Creek memorial

 

 

1836 Death of John MacAdam, Scottish engineer, father of macadamised road surfacing.

1855 Australia: The decision was made by the authorities to change the name of Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania.

1857 Death of Joseph von Eichendorff (b. 1788), lyricist and narrator.

1862 Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll) sent the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Underground to 10-year-old Alice Liddell.

1863 American Civil War: Union forces under General George Meade positioned against troops led by Confederate General Robert E Lee.

1872 The San Francisco Evening Bulletin exposed one of the most notorious mining scandals in US history, The Great Diamond Hoax. Philip Arnold (1829 - 1878) was a confidence trickster from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, who was the brains behind a legendary 1872 scam to fool people into investing in western diamond mining operations. He managed to walk away from the hoax with more than half a million dollars. Clarence King (1842 - 1901) was the geologist who uncovered the swindle.

" Arnold and Slack played their con perfectly. They arrived in San Francisco in 1872 and tried to deposit a bag of uncut diamonds at a bank. When questioned, the two men quickly disappeared, acting as if they were reluctant to talk about their discovery. Intrigued, a bank director named William Ralston tracked down the men. Assuming he was dealing with unsophisticated country bumpkins, he set out to take control of the diamond mine. The two cousins agreed to take a blindfolded mining expert to the site; the expert returned to report that the mine was indeed rich with diamonds and rubies ...

"Back in San Francisco, King exposed the fraud in the newspapers and the Great Diamond Hoax collapsed. Ralston returned $80'000 to each of his investors, but he was never able to recover the $600'000 given to the two cousins. Arnold lived out the few remaining years of his life in luxury in Kentucky before dying of pneumonia in 1878. Slack apparently squandered his share of the money, for he was last reported working as a coffin maker in New Mexico. King's role in exposing the fraud brought him national recognition — he became the first director of the United States Geological Survey."   Source

1901 Britain agreed with Italy on a frontier between Eritrea and the Sudan.  

1906 US president Theodore Roosevelt returned to America, having become the first US president to travel abroad while in office. He had been in Panama to inspect construction progress on the Panama Canal.

1917 Australia: The prominent Sydney brewer, Edmund Resch, was rounded up with other Germans and interned at Holsworthy, NSW, under war powers of the government.

Tutankhamun, Tutankhamen1922 Egypt: Archaeologist Howard Carter and the Earl of Carnarvon peeked through a hole in the door of Tutankhamun's tomb and became the first modern people to see the treasures.

From Carter's diary
Sunday, November 26.

"Open second doorway
about 2pm.
Advised Engelbach.

"After clearing 9 metres of the descending passage, in about the middle of the afternoon, we came upon a second sealed doorway, which was almost the exact replica of the first. It bore similar seal impressions and had similar traces of successive reopenings and reclosings in the plastering. The seal impressions were of Tut.ankh.Amen and of the Royal Necropolis, but not in any way so clear as those on the first doorway. The entrance and passage both in plan and in style resembled almost to measurement the tomb containing the cache of Akhenaten discovered by Davis in the very near vicinity; which seemed to substantiate our first conjecture that we had found a cache.  

"Feverishly we cleared away the remaining 
last scraps of rubbish on the floor"

"Feverishly we cleared away the remaining last scraps of rubbish on the floor of the passage before the doorway, until we had only the clean sealed doorway before us. In which, after making preliminary notes, we made a tiny breach in the top left hand corner to see what was beyond. Darkness and the iron testing rod told us that there was empty space. Perhaps another descending staircase, in accordance to the ordinary royal Theban tomb plan? Or may be a chamber? Candles were procured - the all important tell-tale for foul gases when opening an ancient subterranean excavation - I widened the breach and by means of the candle looked in, while Ld. C., Lady E, and Callender with the Reises waited in anxious expectation.

"It was sometime before one could see, the hot air escaping caused the candle to flicker, but as soon as one's eyes became accustomed to the glimmer of light the interior of the chamber gradually loomed before one, with its strange and wonderful medley of extraordinary and beautiful objects heaped upon one another.

"There was naturally short suspense for those present who could not see, when Lord Carnarvon said to me 'Can you see anything'. I replied to him Yes, it is wonderful. I then with precaution made the hole sufficiently large for both of us to see. With the light of an electric torch as well as an additional candle we looked in. Our sensations and astonishment are difficult to describe as the better light revealed to us the marvellous collection of treasures: two strange ebony-black effigies of a King, gold sandalled, bearing staff and mace, loomed out from the cloak of darkness; gilded couches in strange forms, lion-headed, Hathor-headed, and beast infernal; exquisitely painted, inlaid, and ornamental caskets; flowers; alabaster vases, some beautifully executed of lotus and papyrus device; strange black shrines with a gilded monster snake appearing from within; quite ordinary looking white chests; finely carved chairs; a golden inlaid throne; a heap of large curious white oviform boxes; beneath our very eyes, on the threshold, a lovely lotiform wishing-cup in translucent alabaster; stools of all shapes and design, of both common and rare materials; and, lastly a confusion of overturned parts of chariots glinting with gold, peering from amongst which was a mannikin. The first impression of which suggested the property-room of an opera of a vanished civilization. Our sensations were bewildering and full of strange emotion. We questioned one another as to the meaning of it all. Was it a tomb or merely a cache? A sealed doorway between the two sentinel statues proved there was more beyond, and with the numerous cartouches bearing the name of Tut.ankh.Amen on most of the objects before us, there was little doubt that there behind was the grave of that Pharaoh.

"We closed the hole, locked the wooden-grill which had been placed upon the first doorway, we mounted our donkeys and return home contemplating what we had seen."

The curse of Tutankhamun
"The press followed the deaths carefully attributing each new one to the 'Mummy's Curse' (even though nobody can find the inscribed curse anywhere in the tomb today). By 1935 they had credited 21 victims to King Tut. Was there really a curse? Or was it all just the ravings of a sensational press?

"Herbert E Winlock, the director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, made his own calculations about the effectiveness of the curse. According to Winlock's figures of the 22 people present when the tomb was opened in 1922, only 6 had died by 1934. Of the 22 people present at the opening of the sarcophagus in 1924, only 2 died in the following ten years. Also ten people were there when the mummy was unwrapped in 1925, and all survived until at least 1934."

King Tut curse debunked
"The Curse of Tutankhamen, which is supposed to have started when King Tut's tomb was discovered, and is supposed by some to have resulted in the mysterious deaths of many who participated in the discovery, has been shown to have originated in early works of science fiction that predated the discovery of the tomb by 100 years ..."  Source

1922 Toll of the Sea, directed by Chester M Franklin, debuted as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor (The Gulf Between in 1918 was the first film to do so but it was not widely distributed).

1928 The first twins born by caesarian section in Britain were born in Manchester, England.

1941 US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in the United States.

1941 World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor – A fleet of six aircraft carriers commanded by Japanese Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo left Hitokapu Bay for Pearl Harbor under strict radio silence.

1941 World War II: The Hull note ultimatum was delivered to Japan by the United States.

1942 Soviet troops ended the German siege of Stalingrad.

1942 The Michael Curtiz-directed film, Casablanca, premiered at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.

1944 Death of Florence Foster Jenkins (b. 1868), American soprano who became famous for her complete lack of singing ability as well as her unassailable belief in her own talent.

More    'Playing the diva of din' article from The Guardian

1949 The Indian Constituent Assembly adopted India's constitution.

1950 Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China moved into North Korea and launched a massive counterattack against South Korean and American forces (Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any thought of a quick end to the conflict.

1965 In the Hammaguira launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launched a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter space.

1968 Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P Fleming rescued an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire and was later awarded the Medal of Honor.

1968 France's President Charles de Gaulle opened the world's first tidal power station near Saint-Malo, Brittany.

1968 The rock group Cream played their farewell concert at London's Albert Hall.

Midi files: 'White Room' and other Cream hits

Pictured: Cream's famous 'Disraeli Gears' album cover, designed by Sydney artist Martin Sharp, one of the Oz Trial defendants

Cream to re-form (2004)

Wilson's Almanac Book of Days hip list

1983 Brinks Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly UKŁ26 million were taken from the Brinks Mat vault at Heathrow Airport.

1984 Prime Minister Bob Hawke and Opposition Leader Andrew Peacock took part in Australia's first nationally televised election campaign debate.

1985 US President Ronald Reagan signed over rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.

1986 Iran-Contra scandal: US President Ronald Reagan announced the members of what would become known as the Tower Commission.

1990 President Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore resigned after 26 years at the helm.  

1998 Tony Blair became the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Republic of Ireland's parliament.

2003 The last ever flight by Concorde.

 

Tomorrow: Women's first national vote

Main calendar | Yesterday | Tomorrow | Search

 

 

Bo Bo Bolinski. He's no big deal ... R

 

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