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fnordreetings from Australia. 

Welcome to this Red-Letter Day. Below you will find today's global celebrations, birthdays and events.

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31


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Some of our maids sitting up late last night to get things ready against our feast today, Jane called up about three in the morning, to tell us of a great fire they saw in the City. So I rose, and slipped on my night-gown and went to her window, and thought it to be on the back side of Mark Lane at the farthest; but, being unused to such fires as followed, I thought it far enough off, and so went to bed again, and to sleep ... By and by Jane comes and tells me that she hears that above 300 houses have been burned down tonight by the fire we saw, and that it is now burning down all Fish Street, by London Bridge. So I made myself ready presently, and walked to the Tower; and there got up upon one of the high places, …and there I did see the houses at the end of the bridge all on fire, and an infinite great fire on this and the other side … of the bridge …
Samuel Pepys, diary entry, September 2 1666. Pepys discontinued his famous diary on May 31, 1669

I loafe and invite my soul.
Walt Whitman, American poet born on May 31, 1819; Song of Myself

Now I see the secret of making the best persons: it is to grow in the open air and to eat and sleep with the earth.
Walt Whitman

I stayed a long time by the bedside of a new patient ... In an adjoining ward I found his brother ... It was in the same battle both were hit. One was a strong Unionist, the other Secesh; both fought for their respective sides, both badly wounded, and both brought together after a separation of four years. Each died for his cause.
Walt Whitman; from one of his wartime newspaper dispatches. While a supporter of the Union cause, the poet comforted dying soldiers of both sides of the American Civil War.

Walt Whitman

Walt Whitman 

I am as bad as the worst, but thank God I am as good as the best.
Walt Whitman; on himself

… a most surprising compound of plain grandeur, sentimental affection and downright nonsense.
Robert Louis Stevenson on
Walt Whitman

I really have a secret satisfaction in being considered rather mad.
William Heath Robinson, English illustrator and cartoonist, born on May 31, 1872

I hold the crimson fruit
and plumage of the palm;
flame- tree, that scarlet spirit,
in my soil takes root.

My days burn with the sun
my nights with moon and star,
since into myself I took
all the living things that are
.
Australian poet,
Judith Wright, born on May 31, 1915, writes in her poem The Maker about her pregnancy with her daughter Meredith

Why not?
Last words of American psychonaut Timothy Leary, who crossed over
on May 31, 1996    Source 

(Reuters reported his last words were, "Oh really? Yeah."   Source)

At one point in his final delirium, he spoke the words "Why not." He uttered the phrase repeatedly, in different intonations: as a question, as a statement, softly, loudly, thoughtfully, ruefully, and confidently. He died soon after, and that was the last thing he said out loud.
Timothy Leary website on the last words of Timothy Leary
(d. May 31, 1996); 'Tim's Last Trip'

Timothy Leary died unashamed and having, as usual, a great time. He made good on his promise to "give death a better name or die trying." Willingly, peacefully, and unafraid, he headed off on his last trip.
John Perry Barlow, Timothy Leary's long-time friend

You remember when Colin Powell stood up in front of the world, and he said Iraq has got laboratories, mobile labs to build biological weapons ... They're illegal. They're against the United Nations resolutions, and we've so far discovered two. And we'll find more weapons as time goes on, But for those who say we haven't found the banned manufacturing devices or banned weapons, they're wrong. We found them.
George W Bush, lying in remarks to reporters, May 31, 2003. The labs were later judged not to contain any such weapons, that they most likely were used for weather balloons.

Source: Bush Administration Officials' Lies about Iraq's Supposed Weapons of Mass Destruction in Their Own Words

 

 

 

May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining.
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Ludi saeculares, or Centennial Games held in 17 BCE

These games of Rome were the climax of the rites of the goddess Diana which began on May 26. During the time of the Roman republic they were called ludi Tarentini, Terentini, or Taurii, while during the empire they bore the name of ludi saeculares.

In the days preceding this so-called centennial event, heralds were sent about to invite the people to a spectacle which no one had ever beheld, and which no one would ever behold again. Great sporting events and sacrifices took place in the Circus Flaminius, so that evil deities would not enter the city.

The first celebration of the ludi saeculares in the reign of Augustus Caesar took place in the summer of the year 17 BCE (Tacit. Ann. xi.11); the second took place in the reign of Claudius 47 CE (Suet. Claud. 21). The third games were in the reign of Domitian, in 88 (Suet. Dom. 4) – so we can see that they weren't actually commemorated only every 100 years –  and the last in the reign of Marcus Iulius Philippus (Philip the Arab) in 248, which was generally believed to be just 1,000 years after the founding of the city of Rome by Romulus and Remus.

The celebrations were concerned essentially with the chthonian divinities Dis (Dis Pater) and Prosperpina, but on the first day the games, in the Tarentum, sacrifices were offered also to Jupiter, Juno, Neptune, Minerva, Venus, Apollo, Mercury, Ceres, Vulcan, Mars, Diana, Vesta, Hercules, Latona and the Parcae.

Roman festivals and notable days in the Book of Days    Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days     More   More And more

 

 

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Highly recommended:
Folklore of World Holidays
by Margaret Read MacDonald


The Rule of Four

Hypnerotomachi Poliphili
Hypnerotomachia Poliphili


Leon Battista Alberti's Hypnerotomachia

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Leaves of Grass

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Walt Whitman

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Leaves of Grass

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Walt Whitman


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A Historical Guide to Walt Whitman


Worse Than Watergate
John Dean

 

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Green WeekGreen Week (May 31 - Jun 3)

Climate change is happening. Over the past century the average temperature has risen by more than 0.6° Celsius globally and by almost 1°C in Europe. An overwhelming majority of the world's climate experts believe most of the warming is caused by human activities which emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

Green Week 2005 looked at all aspects of climate change and in particular at the human factor. Our way of life, production, consumption and transport need to change if we want to halt global warming.

 

NASA's Global Change Master Directory     Climate Change (news popup)

Measuring the reality of climate change    Global Warming: Early Warning Signs    More


 

Hekate, or Hecate
"The last day of each month is sacred to the Goddess Hekate. In ancient times, worshippers would leave a 'Hecate's Supper' with specially prepared foods as offerings to Hecate. The offerings were also gifts to appease the restless ghosts, called apotropaioi by the Greeks. These offerings are best prepared for the goddess on the eve of the new moon, to be left behind at crossroads at night, without looking back."   Source

 

Ambarvalia, ancient Rome, Festival of Dea Dia (date varies)

Ambarvalia was a Roman agricultural fertility rite held at the end of May. No work was undertaken today, and ploughs and tools were wreathed in flowers. Silent processions were held, with incense, chanting of priests, and animal sacrifices to Ceres, Bacchus and other gods of the Roman pantheon. Urns of the dead were decked in flowers, followed by wine and noisy feasting.  The word derives from ab ambiendis arvis, going round the fields.

This ancient Roman festival celebrates the goddess in her aspect as the cosmic mother of humanity. A goddess of growth, Dea Dia is identified with Ceres, goddess of agriculture, grain, and the love a mother bears for her child (known as Demeter in ancient Greece). Her priests were the Fratres Arvales, who honoured her in this feast. During the Ambarvalia, the priests blessed the fields and made offerings to the underworld powers. In order to disperse evil, each farmer led his household and one of his animals in a procession around the boundaries of his fields. At the end of the rite the beast was sacrificed. During the procession, prayers would be made to the goddess Ceres.

This festival, involving farm boundaries, and sacrifices held outside the city's borders, resembles a later, Christian, ritual from around this time of year, the 'beating of the bounds' of the Rogation days.

Roman festivals and notable days in the Book of Days    Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days  

 

Festival of the goddess Diana, Roman Empire (May 26 - 31, 17 BCE)

Feast day of Ss Cantius and Cantianus, brothers, and Cantianilla, their sister, martyrs

Feast day of St Crescentian

Feast day of St Hermias

Feast day of St James Salomone

Feast day of St Mancus

Feast day of St Mary, Mediatrix of All Graces

Feast day of St Mechtildis

Feast day of St Mybrad

Feast day of St Paschasius

Feast day of St Petronilla
(Yellow turkscap lily, Lilium pomponicum flavum, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)
Her name is the feminine and diminutive of Peter, and she was said to have been a daughter of the Apostle Peter. He might have cured her of the palsy.

Feast Day of Stella Maris
"'Star of the Sea' (Venus) (Venice, Italy)."
Source: The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar

Feast day of the Visitation
Commemorates the visit of Mary to her cousin St Elizabeth after the Annunciation and before the birth of John the Baptist, the precursor of Jesus Christ. It is celebrated with the canticle, Magnificat.

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

 

Gumstool Hill woolsack races at Tetbury, Cotswolds, UK

The town of Tetbury, England leaps into festive action today when relay teams of four run carrying 27-kilo (60 lb) – 15 kilos (35 lb) for women – woolsack to the crown of Gumstool Hill – and back down again. The gradient of Gumstool is about 1 in 4, which is steep enough to raise a sweat. When it began in the 17th Century, this race was run between the Royal Oak and the Crown pubs. Tetbury was once an important producer of wool, and no doubt the race was originally run as a way for men in that industry to show off their prowess. These and other Cotswold district games are part of the rich folkloric customs of Whitsuntide, the time around the Christian feast day of Pentecost.

Read more at the Whitsuntide article at the Scriptorium

Day of Oggum, Cuba

World No Tobacco Day (UN)

Syaday (Discordianism)
Fifth day of the season of Confusion, honours Apostle Sri Syadasti.

Today in the Discordian Calendar

Royal Brunei Malay Regiment Day
A holiday to commemorate the formation of the regiment.

Johnstown Flood Day, Johnstown Pennsylvania, USA
Commemorates the flood caused by the collapse of the Conemaugh Dam on May 31, 1889 with a high loss of life.

National Reconciliation Week, Australia (May 27 - Jun 3)

 

 

 

On which day of the week were you born? Find out here

1443 Margaret Beaufort (d. 1509), mother of Henry VII of England

1469 King Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)

1750 Karl August von Hardenberg (d. 1822), statesman and reformer

1753 Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud (d. October 31, 1793), French orator and revolutionary

1773 Ludwig Tieck (d. April 28, 1853), German poet, translator, editor, novelist and critic

1801 Johann Georg Baiter (d. October 10, 1877), Swiss philologist and textual critic

 

1819 Walt Whitman (d. March 26, 1892), American poet and humanist born on Long Island, New York. His most famous work is the collection of poetry, Leaves of Grass.

Walt Whitman Archive

More   And more   Even more

Leaves of Grass online

'Walt Whitman Shall Not Sleep', poem by Wilson

From 'Song of Myself'
By
Walt Whitman

I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself,
And what I assume you shall assume,
For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.

I loafe and invite my soul,
I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.

My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,
Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,
I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,
Hoping to cease not till death. 

Creeds and schools in abeyance,
Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten,
I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard,
Nature without check with original energy. 

 

Leaves of Grass at Project Gutenberg

 

1838 Henry Sidgwick (d. 1900), philosopher

1857 Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)

1860 Walter Sickert (d. 1942), British impressionist painter and etcher

1872 William Heath Robinson (d. September 13, 1944), English illustrator and cartoonist, creator of fantastic machines; illustrator of fairy tales.

In Britain, Robinson's cartoons were and still are so popular, that even to this day, the name 'Heath Robinson machine' is applied as a shorthand for an improbable, fantastic machine. (The corresponding term in the USA is 'Rube Goldberg machine', after the American cartoonist who drew similarly odd machinery.) 

Heath Robinson drew more conventional illustrations, such as 'Sydney' for Rudyard Kipling's 'The Song of the Cities'.

Patently absurd inventions    More

 

1883 Lauri Kristian Relander (d. 1942), Finnish president

1894 Fred Allen (d. 1956), American comedian

1898 Dr Norman Vincent Peale (d. 1993), American clergyman

1908 Don Ameche (d. 1993), American actor

1912 Alfred Deller (d. 1979), singer, early modern countertenor

1915 Judith Wright (d. June 26, 2000), Australian poet

"Prolific Australian poet, critic, and short-story writer, who published more than 50 books. Wright was also an uncompromising environmentalist and social activist campaigning for Aboriginal land rights. She believed that the poet should be concerned with national and social problems. At the age of 85, just before her death, she attended in Canberra at a march for reconciliation with Aboriginal people …

"In the early 1960s Wright helped to found Wildlife Preservation Society of Queensland. She fought to conserve the Great Barrier Reef, when its ecology was threatened by oil drilling, and campaigned against sand mining on Fraser Island. In her passionate poem 'Australia 1970' Wright expressed her feelings of disappointment and anger, seeing her wild country die, 'like the eaglehawk, / dangerous till the last breath's gone, clawing and / striking.' The Coral Battleground (1977) was her account of the campaign to protect the 'great water-gardens, lovely indeed as cherry boughs and flowers under the once clear sea.' In 'The Cry for the Dead' (1981) Wright examined the treatment of Aborigines and destruction of the environment by settlers in Central Queensland from the 1840s to the 1920s."   Source

 

From 'Train Journey'
By Judith Wright

Glassed with cold sleep and dazzled by the moon,
out of the confused hammering dark of the train
I looked and saw under the moon's cold sheet
your delicate dry breasts, country that built my heart;

and the small trees on their uncoloured slope
like poetry moved, articulate and sharp
and purposeful under the great dry flight of air,
under the crosswise currents of wind and star ...

Obituary    More

 

1922 Denholm Elliott (d. October 6, 1992), British actor

1923 Prince Rainier III of Monaco

1926 James Krüss (d. 1997), author

1929 Menahem Golan, producer

1930 Clint Eastwood, Hollywood actor and director (Dirty Harry)

1932 Jay Miner (d. 1994), American designer of microchips

1938 Johnny PayCheck (d. 2003), American country music singer

1938 John Prescott, Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

1938 Peter Yarrow, American singer (Peter, Paul and Mary)

1939 Terry Waite, British humanitarian who was held hostage in Lebanon for more than four years, from January 24, 1987 to November 17, 1991  

1940 Gilbert Shelton, American cartoonist and underground comics artist. He is the creator of The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers, Fat Freddy's Cat, and Wonder Wart-Hog.

Comix, comics and cartoons in the Book of Days    Gilbert Shelton interview

1943 Sharon Gless, actress

 

1945 Rainer Werner Fassbinder (d. June 10, 1982), controversial German movie director, playwright and actor, one of the most important representatives of the New German Cinema. He attracted attention with politically committed and non-illusory work. His central themes were misuse of power and consequences of oppression.