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Is't on St Mary's bright and clear,
Fertile is said to be the year.

English traditional proverb

Nothing happens quite by chance. It's a question of accretion of information and experience.
Jonas Salk, American immunologist who announced a cure for polio on March 25, 1953

When I worked on the polio vaccine, I had a theory. I guided each [experiment] by imagining myself in the phenomenon in which I was interested. The intuitive realm … the realm of the imagination guides my thinking.
Jonas Salk

Actors can be a terrible bore on the set, though I enjoy having dinner with them.
David Lean, British filmmaker, born on March 25, 1908

I wouldn't take the advice of a lot of so-called critics on how to shoot a close-up of a teapot.
David Lean

Always cast against the part and it won't be boring.
David Lean

When the great actor says the line, you can put scissors precisely at the point A and it's wonderful. When the star says the line, you can hold for four frames longer because something else happens.
David Lean

Jack Ruby: Everything pertaining to what's happening has never come to the surface. The world will never know the true facts, of what occurred, my motives. The people had, that had so much to gain and had such an ulterior motive for putting me in the position I'm in, will never let the true facts come above board to the world.
Reporter: Are these people in very high positions Jack?
Jack: Yes.
Jack Ruby, killer of Lee Harvey Oswald, was born on March 25, 1911
(see video)

 The Annunciation, by Carlo Crivelli ... Spot the UFO

The Annunciation with St Emidius, by Carlo Crivelli, 1486
The National Gallery, London
Spot the UFO?
An eerie, intense beam of light goes through the building 
and onto the head of whom we believe is Mary.
See large version

Representative FORD: Are there any questions that ought to be asked to help clarify the situation that you described?

Mr RUBY: There is only one thing. If you don't take me back to Washington tonight to give me a chance to prove to the President that I am not guilty, then you will see the most tragic thing that will ever happen.

RUBY: Maybe something can be saved, something can be done ... What have you got to answer to that, Chief Justice Warren?

RUBY: But I won't be around, Chief Justice. I won't be around to verify these things you are going to tell the President.

Mr TONAHILL: Who do you think is going to eliminate you, Jack?

Mr RUBY: I have been used for a purpose, and there will be a certain tragic occurrence happening if you don't take my testimony and somehow vindicate me so my people don't suffer because of what I have done.

Chief Justice WARREN: But we have taken your testimony. We have it here. It will be in permanent form for the President of the United States and for the Congress of the United States, and for the courts of the United States, and for the people of the entire world ...

RUBY: You have lost me though. You have lost me, Chief Justice Warren.

Chief Justice WARREN: Lost you in what sense?

RUBY: I won't be around for you to come and question me again.

Chief Justice WARREN: Well, it is very hard for me to believe that. I am sure that everybody would want to protect you to the very limit.

RUBY: All I want is a lie detector test, and you refuse to give it to me.

Because as it stands now--and the truth serum, and any other--Pentothal--how do you pronounce it, whatever it is. And they will not give it to me, because I want to tell the truth.
   And then I want to leave this world. But I don't want my people to be blamed for something that is untrue, that they claim has happened.

From Jack Ruby's evidence at the Warren Commission   Source

... isn't it strange that Oswald who hasn't worked a lick most of his life, should be fortunate enough to get a job at the Book Building two weeks before the president himself didn't know as to when he was to visit Dallas, now where would a jerk like Oswald get the information that the president was coming to Dallas? Only one person could have had that information, and that man was Johnson who knew weeks in advance as to what was going to happen, because he is the one who was going to arrange the trip for the president, this had been planned long before the president himself knew about, so you can figure that one out.
Jack Ruby, in a letter from prison   Source

 

 

March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (85th in leap years), with 281 days remaining.
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Feast day of the Annunciation (Lady Day)
(Marigold, Calendula officinalis, is today's plant, dedicated to the Virgin Mary.)

Today in Christian lore marks the day that the Archangel Gabriel told Mary that she would give birth to Jesus. Annunciation, nine months before Christmas Day, is widely celebrated in Europe.

According to early calendar-maker Dionysius Exiguus, March 25 was the day, in 31 CE, of the first Easter, that is, the day on which Jesus Christ rose from the dead. It was once also known to the Christians of Britain as 'Lady Day'.

Lady Day is an abridgement of the old term 'Our Lady's day' – a 'gaudy day' of the Catholic Church, and it represents the Christianization of older, pagan Spring Equinox festivals, in the much the same way that St Patrick's Day and Easter do.

Known as the first day of the year, from the 12th Century till until the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1752, it is the first of the four traditional Irish Quarter days and English quarter days. In England, it was actually celebrated as New Year's Day until 1752 when, following the move from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar, January 1 was first declared to begin the year. A vestige of this remains in the United Kingdom's tax year, which starts on April 6, which is March 25 adjusted for the 11 lost days of the calendar change.

It seems appropriate to acknowledge the sacred dimension of birthing at this time of the year when Persephone is emerging from her time underground, animals are bearing young, and plants are producing flowers.

The placement by Dionysius Exiguus of the first Easter on this date in 31 CE, was no doubt to correlate the resurrection of Jesus with the supposed date of his conception, as today is nine months before Christmas. It is celebrated in Rome by sumptuous festivities. The Pope's horse-guards ride in full uniform, each wearing in his hat a myrtle sprig, as a sign of rejoicing. The horsemen are traditionally followed by a shaven-headed monk on a white mule, bearing the host in a gold cup, at the sight of which everyone bows. At one time the Pope himself rode on the mule, and all the cardinals followed in their magnificent robes of state, mounted on either mules or horses.  The Eminentissimi were generally not good horsemen so they were fastened onto their mounts.

In England it was traditionally only remembered by those who pay rent to landlords.

Once, a country gentleman in England wrote a letter to a noble lady, only addressed

  To

     The 25th of March,

        Foley-place, London

and the post office duly delivered to Lady Day

Lady Day was once considered to be the date of the Creation of the world as it was the date of the conception of Christ. 

A legend says that a noble and ignorant knight entered an abbey but was so foolish that all he could say was Ave Maria, constantly. When he died, out of his grave grew a fleur-de-lis, and in every flower grew, in letters of gold, the words Ave Maria. At this miracle his friends were amazed and, opening his grave, found that the flower's root was in his mouth. The virgin had honoured him for his simple devotion. Or, so it is said.

Today's (and Mary's) flower is also the Cardamine, or Lady's Smock, its white flowers blooming in England about March 25.

 

When Lady Day is also Easter – 'When our Lord falls in our Lady's lap'

When Easter Sunday falls on the same date as Lady Day (March 25). This is said to be an omen of evil for England.

 

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The Tichborne Dole

In olden days in Hampshire, England, a certain Lady Mabella, on her deathbed from a crippling disease, asked Lord Tichborne to give her the means to bequeath a dole of money to anyone who asked for it on the day of Annunciation.

Sir Roger must have been a difficult man, or perhaps just parsimonious, for he promised her only the proceeds of as much land as she could go over while a firebrand was burning. However, a miraculous amount of strength came to her and she crawled around 23 acres, an area still to this day called the Crawls. On her deathbed the lady warned her family that they must keep the promise, and she predicted that the family name and its estates would die out if they neglected the Tichborne Dole, because a generation of seven sons would be succeeded by seven daughters, and the manor house itself would crumble. 

It became tradition to bake 1,400 loaves for the Dole, and to give twopence to any applicant if 1,400 loaves did not go far enough. Only those families in Tichborne, Cheriton and Lane End have ever been entitled to this charitable disbursement. So it went for centuries, until the Tichborne estates had become a place of assembly for many paupers. By 1796, when rowdy vagrants assembled in large numbers on the common, the number of these paupers caused the Tichbornes to discontinue the Dole.

Local people remembered the final part of the Tichborne legend and Lady Mabella's curse on any of her successors who should fail to distribute her dole. The penalty for such failure would be a generation of seven daughters (immediately following a family of seven sons), the family name would die out and the ancient house would fall down. Thus, it was seen as an omen when, in 1803, part of old Tichborne House collapsed into ruins. At the time, there were seven Tichborne sons.

Misfortune befell the family in many ways. George, the sixth son, died in 1802,  aged only 13. In 1806, John, the fifth son, died in the East Indies. Four years later, Benjamin, the second son, died in China, a bachelor like his brother John. A few years later, Roger (son number seven) died – married but childless.

Henry, the eldest son who succeeded to the baronetcy in 1821, managed to father seven children, but all were females. In 1826, Edward, the third son, changed his name, so the estate later fell into the hands of a new family name, Doughty as he produced the male heir so desired by the Tichborne heritage, but in 1835, the six-year-old Henry suddenly died. Edward Doughty immediately revived the Dole, which has continued ever since – and who can blame him?  It is distributed today from St Andrew's, the 11th-century Tichborne church.

The fourth Tichborne son, James, had married in 1827 and produced two sons. The eldest, Sir Roger Charles Doughty Tichborne, was lost at sea in 1845, and was impersonated two decades later by Arthur Orton, a butcher with an eye for a quick fortune. See below for more details.

The Tichborne family won in court, but the celebrated case dragged on for two years and cost the family £100,000 to defend their ancient estates. Alfred Joseph Tichborne, the youngest of James's seven sons, was the only one to survive Mabella's deathbed curse and was the great grandfather of the late Sir Anthony Doughty Tichborne, the 14th baronet. 

A curse fulfilled

The Tichborne church contains a number of interesting memorials to the Tichborne family. One in particular is the monument, erected in 1619 to Richard, the infant son of Sir Richard Tichborne. Tichborne tradition says that a gypsy woman who begged for food at Tichborne House was refused and laid a curse on the toddler, predicting that Richard would drown on a certain day. When that fateful day arrived, servants were ordered to take the child up onto Gander Down which is well away from the local River Itchen. When at that place, the attention of his guardians was diverted as young Richard out of his baby carriage and drowned in a water-filled cart rut.

More

 

Birthday of Adam (Hebrew)
"The first man according to the Jewish Kabala was Adam Kadmon, 'the primordial man', who was believed to have been born on 25th March. His partner was Lilith who became the demon queen and spawned thousands of evil daughters."   Source

Akitu Festival, Sumeria (c. Mar 20 - 31)

Urban Dionysia, ancient Greece (c. Mar 24 - 28)

Festivals in ancient Greece

Festival of Hilaria, in honour of Cybele the Mother of Gods, ancient Rome (Mar 15 - 27)
On March 22, the god Attis (a life-death-rebirth deity) was pronounced dead. At this time, the priest opened the tomb to reveal that the god was not still there. The worshippers cheered as the priest announced, "Be of good cheer, neophytes, seeing that the god is saved; for we also, after our toils, shall find salvation!"

Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling Against Racism and Racial Discrimination (UN) (Mar 21 - 28)

Feast day of Mars and Neria, ancient Rome

Return of the Goddess, to goddess-worshipping pagans
Many goddess worshippers call today thus. It is the conception date of the divinity that enters the world nine months later on December 25.

One of the four Irish Quarter days in the Irish calendar

 

Feast day of St Cammin, of Ireland, abbot

Feast day of St Cyrinus

Feast day of St Dismas (Dysmas; The Penitent Thief; The Good Thief)

March 25, Lady Day, is also the Feast Day of St Dysmas. Dysmas is the traditional name of the penitent thief who was crucified next to Christ. In some old calendars he was commemorated on this day. His relics are claimed by the Italian city of Bologna. In the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus he is called Dimas, and elsewhere Titus; the impenitent thief is Gestas or Gesmas.

 

DismasAlta petit Dismas, infellx infima Gesmas.
Part of a Charm.
To paradise thief Dismas went,
But Gesmas died impenitent.
Evans, Ivor H, Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, Cassell, London, 1988

 

In Longfellow's The Golden Legend (The Miracle Play, V), both Dumachas (Dysmus or Dysmas) and Titus – apparently two separate characters in this version – belonged to a gang of bandits who harassed the Holy Family on their flight into Egypt. An old tale from an Arabic gospel says that when Joseph, Jesus and Mary were refugees en route to Egypt, they were attacked by a band of thieves including Dismas and Gestas. One of the bandits realised there was something special about the fleeing family, and ordered his fellow robbers to leave them alone; this thief was Dismas.

 

According to the Catholic Community Forum Patron Saints Index, Dismas's patronage includes condemned prisoners, criminals, death row prisoners, funeral directors, prisoners, prisoners on death row, reformed thieves and undertakers.

 

Feast day of St Dula

Feast day of St Harold

Feast day of St Herman of Zahringen

Feast day of St Hermenland

Feast day of St Humbert of Pelagius

Feast day of St James Bird

Feast day of St Kennocha

Feast day of St Lucia Filippini

Feast day of St Mary, Blessed Virgin

Feast day of St Pelagius of Laodicea

Feast day of St Robert of Bury Saint Edmunds

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Mouloud (Muhammad's Birthday), Burkina Faso

Feast of the Young Mothers, Sweden
Source: The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar

Maryland Day, Maryland, USA

Independence Day, Greece

International Waffle Day, Sweden

 

 

 

1252 Conradin (Conrad the Younger; d. October 29, 1268), duke of Swabia, titular king of Jerusalem and king of Sicily

1347 Catherine of Siena, OP (d. April 29, 1380), Roman Catholic saint, Tertiary (a lay affiliate) of the Dominican Order, and a scholastic philosopher and theologian, feast day April 29 (qv). She was the 23rd child out of 25 (Catherine’s twin sister, the 24th, died at birth).

1741 Jean Antoine Houdon (d. 1828), sculptor

1778 Sophie Blanchard (d. July 6, 1819) French aeronaut. The widow of ballooning pioneer Jean-Pierre Blanchard (1753 - 1809), she was the first woman to work as a professional balloonist. She was also the first woman to be killed in an aviation accident.

1800 Heinrich von Dechsen (d. 1889), geologist and mineralogist

1863 Simon Flexner (d. 1946), pathologist who in 1899 isolated a common strain (Shigella dysenteriae) of dysentery bacillus

1867 Arturo Toscanini (d. 1957), conductor

 

Rudolf Rocker1873 Rudolf Rocker, German-born anarcho-syndicalist (d. September 19, 1958).

From Wikipedia: Rocker, a Gentile, became deeply involved in the Jewish anarchist movement while living in London, the Jewish Anarchist movement being larger than the native anarchist movement in England. Learning Yiddish, then quickly becoming a prominent speaker and writer in the movement, Rocker became the editor for several Jewish newspapers, including Dos Fraye Vort (The Free Word), Der Arbeiter Fraint (The Workers' Friend) and Germinal. In 1902, a federation of Jewish anarchist groups was formed; Rocker represented the federation at the International Anarchist Congress in Amsterdam in 1907.

Rocker was interned as an enemy alien during the First World War and Arbeiter Fraint was suppressed. The Jewish anarchist movement in Britain never fully recovered from these blows.

In 1918 Rocker was deported from Britain to the Netherlands and eventually returned to Germany. He became a major figure in the German and international anarcho-syndicalist movement, helping to organize the International Congress in Berlin in 1922 leading to the formation of the International Workers Association (IWA). Rocker was opposed to anarchist support for the Bolshevik Revolution after 1917 and led the libertarian socialist opposition to the growing Nazi movement in Germany.

In 1933 Rocker left Germany again to escape persecution by the new Nazi regime. Settling in the United States, he continued to work as a speaker and writer, directing his efforts against the twin evils of Fascism and Communism. He spent the last 20 years of his life as a leading figure in the Mohegan community at Crompond, New York, and was the best-known anarchist in the country until his death.

Early progressives in the Book of Days    Rocker Archive    Anarchosyndicalism, by Rocker

The Anarcho-Syndicalist Thought of Rudolf Rocker

Bibliography of Works by Rudolf Rocker    More    More

 

 

1879 Grace Monroe, Australian founder of the Country Women's Association

1881 Béla Bartók (d. 1945), composer

1881 Mary Gladys Webb (d. 1927), writer

1886 Athenagoras (d. 1972), Patriarch of Constantinople

1906 AJP Taylor (d. September 7, 1990), British historian, one of the leading lights of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament

 

1908 David Lean (d. 1991), British filmmaker (Great Expectations; Oliver Twist; Ryan's Daughter; Lawrence of Arabia, [Oscar]; Doctor Zhivago; A Passage to India; The Bridge on the River Kwai [Oscar])

David Who?
I have good reason to be sceptical of 'experts'. One night I was listening to a film reviewer on ABC Radio in Sydney, Australia (I shouldn't be too scathing because the ABC, the national broadcaster, for a considerably long time broadcast Wilson's Almanac). A caller phoned to say he admired the films of David Lean. Neither the compère nor the expert reviewer had ever heard of the brilliant, double-Oscar-winning director of Great Expectations (1946); Oliver Twist (1948); Ryan's Daughter (1970); Lawrence of Arabia (1962), (Oscar); Doctor Zhivago (1965); A Passage to India (1984); The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) (Oscar). Such is the state of Australian journalism.

On March 25, 2004, just after entering the above paragraph, I heard this exchange on ABC and it tickled my funny bone:

Compere: "I see that 'Being There' was made in 1979, and Peter Sellers died in 1980 – so it must have been one of his last movies?"

Film reviewer: "I think there was a Pink Panther film released posthumously after his death."

The other reason for my scepticism of experts is, of course, that the ABC for a considerably long time broadcast Wilson's Almanac. See also Turtles All the Way Down.

"According to Richard Schickel, Lean was so wounded by critic Pauline Kael's vicious attacks on his work, such as Ryan's Daughter (1970) that it kept him from directing another picture for 14 years, until Passage to India, A (1984)."  Source

 

1908 Helmut Käutner (d. 1980), actor and film director

1911 Jack Ruby (d. 1967), killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (alleged lone assassin of USA President John F Kennedy). In 1947, Ruby worked as an investigator for Richard M Nixon.

More    More

1913 Harry Butler, Australian wildlife expert and TV broadcaster

1921 Simone Signoret (d. 1985), German-born, French-raised actress

1925 Flannery O'Connor (d. 1964), author

1928 Jim Lovell, astronaut

1934 Bernard King (d. December 20, 2002), Australian cooking expert and TV personality

1935 Gloria Steinem, American feminist author and editor (Ms magazine)

1938 Hoyt Axton (d. 1999), musician, actor

1939 Toni Cade Bambara (d. 1995), author

1940 Anita Bryant, American entertainer and radical anti-homosexual activist

1942 Aretha Franklin ('Queen of Soul'), American soul singer (Respect) whose voice has been designated a natural resource of the State of Michigan

"1944 Moves to Detroit with father, pastor of the New Bethel Baptist Church

1954 Emerges as singing prodigy in church choir at age 12

1960 Signs with Columbia Records, which fails to make her a star

1966 Switches to Atlantic Records; hits start coming

1967 Respect hits No. 1; she wins her first Grammy

1987 First woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"

Source

Rolling Stone on Aretha Franklin

1942 Richard O'Brien, actor, writer

1947 Elton John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight), English rock musician

"Taking the stage name Elton 'Hercules' John from the first names of Bluesology's vocalist Elton Dean and saxophonist 'Long' John Baldry, Dwight embarked on a solo career in mid-1968 …

"1975's Captain Fantastic became the first album ever to debut at No. 1. In 1977 John announced that he would no longer perform live, due to exhaustion …"   Source

1952 Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician and politician

1960 Idy Chan Yuk-Lin, Hong Kong, actress

1964 Lisa Gay Hamilton, actress

1965 Sarah Jessica Parker, actress

1974 Lark Voorhies, actress

1976 Juvenile, rapper

 

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March

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27 Fly A Kite Day
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28 Hot Tub Day
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30 Doctors' Day
31 Bunsen Burner Day

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1 Firefighters Day
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1 Taro Festival (Hawaii, USA)
2 Great Lovers Day
2 Reconciliation Day
2 Peanut Butter And Jelly Day
3 Find A Rainbow Day
3 Chocolate Mousse Day
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4 Tell A Lie Day
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5 Thank Your School Librarian Day
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6 Animated Cartoon Day
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6 International Fun At Work Day
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7 Lets Someone Else Clean Day
7 Ham Radio Day
7 World Health Day
8 Buddha Day (Japan)
8 Hana Matsuri

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31 CE The first Easter, that is, the day on which Jesus Christ rose from the dead, according to early calendar-maker Dionysius Exiguus.

Dionysius Exiguus and dating the birth of Jesus

708 Constantine was consecrated Pope.

752 Death of Pope Stephen II after serving less than two days.

1005 King Kenneth III of Scotland was killed in battle.

1233 Death of King Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1185).

1306 Robert the Bruce became King of Scotland.

1409 The Council of Pisa opened.

1561 Death of Conrad Lycosthenes (b. 1518), humanist and encyclopaedist.

"Prodigiorum Ac Ostentorum Chronicon,
Text by Conrad Lycosthenes. Basel: Henricpteri, 1557.
First Edition.

"The most exhaustive early work illustrating medieval superstition. With its three or more woodcuts to every page it is one of the best illustrated books of the Renaissance. This woodcut book contains no less than 1545 woodcuts including several repeats, the majority showing human monsters of all types, many of which later appeared in Ambroise Pare's works. Others are of beasts and animals, sea-monsters. Page 494 is a woodcut showing a spaceship seen over Arabia in 1479. Perhaps the first work including UFO's."   Source
The Prodigiorum Ac Ostentorum Chronicon is held at the Australian Museum Research Library

1584 The first American colonists set sail from England.

1609 English navigator Henry Hudson set sail on third attempt to find the North-West Passage.

1634 New World: The first settlers arrived in Maryland (led by Lord Baltimore).

1655 Saturn's largest moon, Titan, was discovered by Christian Huygens.

1688 Parochial charity schools for the education of the children of the poor, were established in the London area.

1736 Death of Nicholas Hawksmoor (b. c. 1661), architect.

1748 A fire in 'Change-alley, London's stock market district, destroyed all the buildings in the street.

1751 Death of King Frederick I of Sweden, (b. 1676).

1802 The Treaty of Amiens was signed as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace" between France and the United Kingdom.

1807 The Slave Trade Act became law, abolishing slavery in the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and its colonies, after intense lobbying by William Wilberforce.

1811 Refusing to admit writing The Necessity of Atheism, the English poet, Percy Bysshe Shelley, was expelled from Oxford.

1815 Austria, Britain Prussia and Russia form alliance against Napoléon Bonaparte.  

1839 Trail of Tears: "1,312 of the original group of 1,776 forced Cherokee emigrants arrived in the Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma). This is the last of the major groups of arriving Cherokees in the Indian Territory, the migration called "the Trail of Tears." Although figures vary according to the source, it is believed almost 12,000 Cherokees survived the emigration with nearly 4,000 dying along the way."
Source: Earth, Moon and Sky

1855 Inundation of Holland.

Bernadette of Lourdes1858 Marie-Bernard Soubirous (St Bernadette of Lourdes; feast day April 16), French shepherd and visionary who claimed to have experienced some of the most famous apparitions in Christian history, had her 17th and second-last vision, which went for more than one hour.

During this vision, the second of two "miracles of the candle" occurred. Bernadette was holding a lighted candle; during the vision it burned down, and the flame was in direct contact with her skin for over 15 minutes but she showed no sign of experiencing any pain. This was witnessed by many people present, including a doctor who timed it. Despite the flame, there was no sign that her skin was in any way affected, so the doctor monitored Bernadette closely but did not intervene. After the vision ended, the doctor examined her hand but found no evidence of any burning, and she was completely unaware of what had been happening. The doctor then briefly applied a lighted candle to her hand and she reacted immediately.

Towards the end of this vision, Bernadette asked the lady her name but she just smiled back. She repeated the question a further three times. The lady then said, in the local dialect, "I am the Immaculate Conception". Four years earlier, Pope Pius IX had promulgated the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. Bernadette's parents, teachers and priests all later testified that she had never previously heard the words 'immaculate conception' from them.

Sources: Wikipedia et al

 

1872 Toronto printers went on strike for the 9-hour day – the first major strike in Canada.

1821 Greece declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Greek War of Independence.

1865 The 'Claywater Meteorite' exploded just before reaching ground level in Vernon County, Wisconsin, USA. Fragments having a combined mass of 1.5 kg were recovered.

1865 American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces captured Fort Stedman from the Union.

1894 Coxey's Army, the first significant American protest march, departed Massillon, Ohio for Washington DC.

 

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, 19111911 In New York City the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire killed 146 garment workers.

The Triangle Shirt Waist Company, occupying the top floors of a 10-story building in New York, was consumed by fire. One hundred and forty-six people, mostly women and young girls, age 13 to 23, working in sweatshop conditions, lost their lives.

Approximately 50 died as they leapt from windows to the street; the others were burned or trampled to death, desperately trying to escape via stairway exits illegally locked to prevent "the interruption of work."

Company owners were charged with seven counts of manslaughter – but were found not guilty.

A turning point in labor laws – especially concerning health and safety – occurred as a result of this disaster. For the previous three days, the company, along with other warehouse owners, had grouped together to fight the Fire Commissioner's order that fire sprinklers be installed.

Source: The Daily Bleed

 

1916 Death of Ishi (b. c. 1860), the last surviving member of the Yahi tribe and considered to be the last 'Stone Age' Native American. He was studied by anthropologist Alfred L Kroeber, and died of tuberculosis.

1918 Death of Claude Debussy (b. 1862), composer.

1918 The Belarusian National Republic was established.

1924 Greece proclaimed itself a republic.

Scottsboro Boys1931 The Scottsboro Boys were arrested in Alabama and charged with rape. The first trial began on April 6 of that year.

More at the Book of Days, April 6

More

1935 Australia: The pearling fleet anchored at Lacapede, Western Australia was hit by a cyclone, with 142 lives lost. (More info sought from readers.)

1941 The Kingdom of Yugoslavia joined the Axis powers.

1947 USA: An explosion in a coalmine in Centralia, Illinois killed 111.

1949 Laurence Olivier's film Hamlet won five Oscars, with Olivier himself winning Best Actor.

Jonas Salk1953 The polio vaccine was announced by Dr Jonas Salk.

"The vaccine worked. But the world of science has a protocol for releasing such findings: first publish them in a medical journal, and then spread the credit as widely as possible. Salk took part in a press conference and went on radio but gave credit to nobody, including himself--of course, he was going to get the credit anyway. And that was the mistake that would haunt him.

"Radio was right; vanity was wrong. This was not some breakthrough in carbuncle research but hot news that couldn't wait one more minute. Within the brotherhood of researchers, however, Salk had sinned unforgivably by not saluting either Enders or, more seriously, his colleagues at the Pittsburgh lab. Everything he did after that was taken as showboating …"   Source

More

 

1955 Russian United States Customs confiscated 520 copies of Allen Ginsberg's 'Howl' as they entered the US. It was later published by City Lights publishers in San Francisco, leading to the arrest of Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Customs also seized and destroyed another shipment of Ginsberg's poetry sent from Canada in the '60s.

1957 US Customs again seized Allen Ginsberg's book of poetry, Howl, this time the second printing published by Lawrence Ferlinghetti's City Lights Books in San Francisco. The US District Attorney decided not to pursue, and the printing was released. However, in August Officer Friendlies from the San Francisco Juvenile Department raided City Lights Bookstore and charged Ferlinghetti with obscenity for selling copies of Howl.

Wilson's Almanac Book of Days hip list    CounterCulture Wiki

1957 The European Economic Community (Common Market) was formed with the Treaty of Rome (West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg).

1965 Civil rights activists led by Martin Luther King, Jr complete their four-day, 50-mile march from Selma to the capitol in Montgomery.

1971 Bangladesh Liberation War: Beginning of Operation Searchlight of the Pakistan Army against East Pakistani civilians.

1975 Faisal of Saudi Arabia was shot and killed by a nephew (Prince Faisal ibn Museid) who had a history of mental illness.

1979 The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, was delivered to the John F Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch.

1990 In New York City, a fire at an illegal social club called Happy Land killed 87.

1992 Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returned to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station.

1995 Ward Cunningham opened the first wiki, the Portland Pattern Repository.

1995 After nearly three decades of acrimony, Paul McCartney and Yoko Ono joined in a recording session, along with McCartney's wife Linda McCartney and Ono's son Sean Lennon. They recorded Ono's 'Hiroshima Sky is Always Blue', a memorial to the victims of the atomic bomb on Japan 50 years before.

1996 USA: An 81-day long standoff between the antigovernment group Montana Freemen and law enforcement in Jordan, Montana began.

1996 The EU's Veterinarian Committee banned the export of British beef and its by-products as a result of mad cow disease (BSE; Encefalopatía espongiforme).

2004 Air Holland filed for bankruptcy when unproven allegations of marijuana abuse by the their pilots led them to bankruptcy.

2005 USA: Bush justice: "In spite of recommendations by investigators that they be charged, US Army commanders decide not to prosecute 17 American soldiers implicated in the deaths of three prisoners in Iraq and Afghanistan."

A Chronology of US War Crimes & Torture, 1975-2005    The Torture Working Group    

Working Group Report on Detainee Interrogations in the Global War on Terrorism (PDF)

 

Tomorrow: The newspapers said "Say what're you doing in bed?"

 

 Main calendar | Yesterday | Tomorrow | Search

 

 

HOW TO KEEP A HEALTHY LEVEL OF INSANITY 

1) At lunch time, sit in your parked car with sunglasses on and point a hair dryer at passing cars. See if they slow down. 

2) Page yourself over the intercom. Don't disguise your voice. 

3) Insist that your e mail address is: Xena-Warrior-Princess@OCDSB.edu.on.ca or Elvis-the-King@OCDSB.edu.on.ca

4) Every time someone asks you to do something, ask if they want fries with that.

5) Put your garbage can on your desk and label it "IN."

6) Put decaf in the coffee maker for 3 weeks. Once everyone has gotten over their caffeine addictions, switch to espresso.

7) In the memo field of all your cheques, write "FOR SEXUAL FAVORS."

8) Finish all your sentences with "In accordance with the prophecy." 

9) Don't use any punctuation. 

10) As often as possible, skip rather than walk. 

11) Ask people what sex they are. Laugh hysterically after they answer. 

12) Specify that your drive-through order is "to go." 

13) Sing along at the opera. 

14) Go to a poetry recital and ask why the poems don't rhyme. 

15) Put mosquito netting around your work area. Play a tape of jungle sounds all day. 

16) Five days in advance, tell your friends you can't attend their party because you're not in the mood. 

17) Have your co-workers address you by your wrestling name, Rock Hard. 

18) When the money comes out of the ATM, scream "I Won!, I Won! Third time this week!!!"

19) When leaving the zoo, start running towards the parking lot, yelling "Run for your lives, they're loose!" 

20) Tell your children over dinner. "Due to the economy, we are going to have to let one of you go 

And the final way to keep a healthy level of insanity ...

21) Send this e-mail to everyone in your address book, even if they sent it to you or have asked you not to send them stuff like this.


Wikipedia and David Brown's prodigious Daily Bleed are both excellent resources that aid my research.
I frequently make use of their generously liberal 'fair use', 'copyleft' and 'anti-copyright' policies, with much gratitude.
© My own copyright policy is also liberal, but as this is my livelihood, conditions apply.

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