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fnordreetings from Australia. 

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If it rains on Seven Brothers' day it will rain for seven weeks.
Latvian traditional proverb

After Hadrian's death there was erected to him a huge equestrian statue representing him with a four-horse chariot. It was so large that the bulkiest man could walk through the eye of each horse, yet because of the extreme height of the foundation persons passing along on the ground below believe that the horses themselves as well as Hadrian are very small.
A fragment from the Roman History of Dio Cassius as translated by Earnest Cary in 1925; Hadrian died on July 10, 138

The Countess Godiva devoutly anxious to free the city of Coventry from a grievous and base thralldom often besought the Count, her husband, that he would for love of the Holy Trinity and the sacred Mother of God liberate it from such servitude. But he rebuked her for vainly demanding a thing so injurious to himself and forbade her to move further therin. Yet she, out of her womanly pertinacity, continued to press the matter insomuch that she obtained this answer from him: "Ascend," he said, "thy horse naked and pass thus through the city from one end to the other in sight of the people and on thy return thou shalt obtain thy request." Upon which she returned: "And should I be willing to do this, wilt thou give me leave?" "I will," he responded. Then the Countess Godiva, beloved of God, ascended her horse, naked, loosing her long hair which clothed her entire body except her snow white legs, and having performed the journey, seen by none, returned with joy to her husband who, regarding it as a miracle, thereupon granted Coventry a Charter, confirming it with his seal.
From the Flores Historiarum by Roger of Wendover (d. 1236)

But Gaufride sayth that this gentle and good Lady did not onely for the freeing of the said Citie and satisfying of her husbands pleasure, graunt vnto her sayde Husband to ryde as aforesayde: But also called in secret manner (by such as she put speciall trust in) all those that then were Magistrates and rulers of the said Citie of Couentrie, and vttered vnto them what good will she bare vnto the sayde Citie, and how shee had moued the Erle her husband to make the same free, the which vpon such condition as is afore mencioned, the sayde Erle graunted vnto her, which the sayde Lady was well contented to doe, requiring of them for the reuerence of womanhed, that at that day and tyme that she should ride (which was made certaine vnto them) that streight commaundement should be geuen throughout all the City, that euerie person should shut in their houses and Wyndowes, and none so hardy to looke out into the streetes, nor remayne in the stretes, vpon a very great paine, so that when the tyme came of her out ryding none sawe her, but her husbande and such as were present with him, and she and her Gentlewoman to wayte vpon her galoped through the Towne, where the people might here the treading of their Horsse, but they saw her not, and so she returned to her Husbande from the place from whence she came, her honestie saued, her purpose obteyned, her wisdome much commended, and her husbands imagination vtterly disappointed. And shortly after her returne, when shee had arayed and apparelled her selfe in most comely and seemly manner, then shee shewed her selfe openly to the peuple of the Citie of Couentrie, to the great joy and maruellous reioysing of all the Citizens and inhabitants of the same, who by her had receyued so great a benefite.
1572, written by Richard Grafton, Member of Parliament for Coventry, England

 Lady Godiva by Edward Henry Corbould (British, c. 1815 - 1904)

Lady Godiva by Edward Henry Corbould


In the Forenoone all householders were Commanded to keep in their Families shutting their doores & Windows close whilest the Duchess performed this good deed, which done she rode naked through the midst of the Towne, without any other Coverture save only her hair. But about the midst of the Citty her horse neighed, whereat one desirous to see the strange Case lett downe a Window, & looked out, for which fact, or for that the horse did neigh, as the cause thereof. Though all the Towne were Franchised, yet horses were not toll-free to this day.
The first mention of Peeping Tom, from the account of Humphrey Wanley (1672 - 1726), 600 years after the Lady Godiva event

The idea, then, which I form of the progress of organic life upon the globe – and the hypothesis is applicable to all similar theatres of vital being – is, that the simplest and most primitive type, under a law to which that of like-production is subordinate, gave birth to the type next above it, that this again produced the next higher, and so on to the very highest, the stages of advance being in all cases very small – namely, from one species only to another; so that the phenomenon has always been of a simple and modest character.
Robert Chambers, Scottish author and publisher, born on July 10, 1802; Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, 1844

It is most interesting to observe into how small a field the whole of the mysteries of nature thus ultimately resolve themselves. The inorganic has one final comprehensive law, GRAVITATION. The organic, the other great department of mundane things, rests in like manner on one law, and that is – DEVELOPMENT. Nor may even these be after all twain, but only branches of one still more comprehensive law, the expression of that unity which man's wit can scarcely separate from Deity itself. 
Robert Chambers, ibid

It being admitted that the system of the Universe is one under the dominion of natural law (natural law being guardedly defined as a mere term for that order which the Deity observes in his operations), it follows that the introduction of species into the world must have been brought about in the manner of law also.
Robert Chambers, ibid

The Eternal One has arranged for everything beforehand, and trusted all to the operation of the laws of his appointment, himself being ever present in all things.
Robert Chambers, ibid   Source

There are perhaps no days of our childhood we lived so fully as those we spent with a favorite book.
Marcel Proust, French novelist, born on July 10, 1871

Let us be grateful to people who make us happy; they are the charming gardeners who make our souls blossom.
Marcel Proust

Everything great that we know has come from neurotics … never will the world be aware of how much it owes to them, nor above all what they have suffered in order to bestow their gifts on it.
Marcel Proust

Blessed are the cracked for they will let in the light!
Spike Milligan, apparently agreeing with Proust

Mr Whistler always spelt art, and we believe still spells it, with a capital 'I'.
Oscar Wilde; on artist James Whistler, born on July 10, 1834; in the Pall Mall Gazette, January 1889

I have seen, and heard, much of cockney impudence before now; but never expected to hear a coxcomb ask two hundred guineas for flinging a pot of paint in the public's face.
John Ruskin, English art critic, 1877; on Whistler's Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket

... I have never known what freedom is. I keep on working for it and hoping for it and wanting it, but I know that I never shall have it. In this, no doubt, my life has been like the life of every being that ever lived. Even while I have fought for freedom, the freedom of others and the freedom of myself, I have always had a consciousness that I was doing it to amuse myself, to keep myself occupied so I might forget myself; which after all is the best thing that any of us can do as we go along. I remember reading a while ago a statement of Anatole France. He said that the chief business of life is 'killing time'. And so it is. What is the difference if we gather all the facts of the universe into our brains for the worms to eat? They might give the worms indigestion ...
Clarence Darrow, defence lawyer in the Scopes Monkey Trial, which began on July 10, 1925

My first real indication that there was a universe outside myself came in 1962, after Alice's husband – the one in the song – gave me a copy of the Tao Te Ching. At the time, I was singing all those euphoric songs about how we're gonna save the world, and Lao-tse made me wonder: Will the world be any different because of anything I do? He struck a chord that made me sense that I was a little discordant with the cosmic universal tune. It wasn't a major musical atrocity; but it forced me to pay attention to myself – like when you know you have a cold coming on. You could say that was the start of my midlife crisis. I was about fifteen.
  For years I kept showing up at all the right demonstrations and singing all the right songs, and one day I realized that the world still sucked and my own life was out of control. I'd done all these things to save the world, and I couldn't even save myself.
I understood then that my real work was me, not the world.
Arlo Guthrie, American singer/songwriter, born to
Woody Guthrie and Marjory Guthrie on July 10, 1947

Am I emotional? Yes, my first born was murdered. Am I angry? Yes, he was killed for lies and for a PNAC Neo-Con agenda to benefit Israel. My son joined the army to protect America, not Israel.
Cindy Sheehan, American peace activist born on July 10, 1957; letter to editors of ABC's Nightline, March 15, 2005

I'm finished crying for Casey. I'm crying for all the other mothers.
Cindy Sheehan; while visiting her son's cross at the Arlington West memorial in Santa Barbara, California, on Mothers' Day, May 7, 2004

Iraq was not involved in 9-11, Iraq was not a terrorist state. But now that we have decimated the country, the borders are open, freedom fighters from other countries are going in, and they [the US government] have created more terrorism by going to an Islamic country ...
Cindy Sheehan; interview with CBS News's Mark Knoller, upon her arrival in Crawford, Texas on August 6, 2005

The moment that [Stephen] Hadley – the top geopolitical advisor to the Most Powerful Man on This Planet – spent 45 minutes with Sheehan, it became impossible to credibly dismiss her as a publicity-seeking nutcase rendered irrational by grief.
Walter Shapiro, August 12, 2005   Source

More Cindy Sheehan quotes

 

 

 

July 10 is the 191st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (192nd in leap years), with 174 days remaining.
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Lady Godiva Day

On July 10, 1040, according to one tradition, Lady Godiva made her famous ride, naked on horseback, through the streets of Coventry, England. Thus, today is Lady Godiva Day in that city.

Lady Godiva – Godgyfu as her name was originally – really did exist and was a Saxon noblewoman and patron of the arts, married to Leofric, Duke of Mercia in England. The couple moved to Coventry, Warwickshire, from Shrewsbury, Shropshire (where Leofric had earned his fortune and title from the mutton trade). It is known that Leofric began spending large amounts of taxpayers' money, as politicians are wont to do, on grandiose public works, while the people of Coventry, as people are wont to do, lived in poverty.

The legend says that Godiva, generous and strong-willed, was outraged at a poll or tax that Leofric was planning to levy on the people of Coventry, and she persistently asked him to lift the imposition, or at least use the money for the provision of works of art that the peasants might enjoy. Leofric laughed so much that he injured his left wrist slightly as he fell off his stool in the hall of the village burghers. However, the nouveau-riche gentleman offered her a deal: if his wife would ride naked on horseback through the town, then he would agree to waive the tax.

"The ancient Greeks, he pointed out, and those coarser Romans as well, viewed the nude human body as one of the highest expressions of the perfection of Nature. Nudity was not seen as erotic in any sense, but as purity, and a celebration of the wonderful form of a sensuous being displayed in all its marvelous [sic] glory for the betterment and appreciation of those enlightened enough to consider this aesthetic. To present a well formed nude body as an object of great beauty, even art, would be to offer a lesson of inestimable value to the simple peasants of Coventry, whose experiences and perceptions had never been enlightened to appreciate such perfection.

"If Lady Godiva truly believed in the crusade she was promoting, then she should lead it herself, and offer to the citizens of Coventry an example of the glorious beauty to be understood by careful consideration of a perfect nude human body."   Source

The earliest record of the Godiva legend, written a century after the supposed event, states:

"Ascend," he said, "thy horse naked and pass thus through the city from one end to the other in sight of the people and on thy return thou shalt obtain thy request." Upon which she returned: "And should I be willing to do this, wilt thou give me leave?" "I will," he responded. Then the Countess Godiva, beloved of God, ascended her horse, naked, loosing her long hair which clothed her entire body except her snow white legs, and having performed the journey, seen by none, returned with joy to her husband who, regarding it as a miracle, thereupon granted Coventry a Charter, confirming it with his seal.
From the Flores Historiarum by Roger of Wendover (d. 1236)

This medieval scribe is renowned for his exaggeration and politically biased embellishment; Wendover is more a collector of stories and legends than a genuine historian ...

Read on at the Lady Godiva page in the Scriptorium

 

 

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Highly recommended:
Folklore of World Holidays
by Margaret Read MacDonald

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Norse Myths

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Northern Mysteries & Magick: Runes, Gods, and Feminine Powers

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Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
 
 
 


The Rule of Four

cover
In Search of Lost Time (Proust Complete)


Fasti
Roman calendar lore, by Ovid

cover
Seize the Day
By Saul Bellow

cover
Herzog

The Searchable Book of Days from my mate Michael Hillman

The Searchable Chambers's Book of Days is now available on CD from Pip's colleague Michael Hillman
 Just  $14.95


Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
By R Chambers


Medieval Celebrations


Women's Activism and Globalization

cover
Arlo, Alice, and Anglicans

cover

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Alice's Restaurant

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The Best of Arlo Guthrie


The Atlas of Holy Places and Sacred Sites


Stand and Deliver
Hip Hop activism


The Clash of Civilizations


Imperial Crusades


Lonely Planet Australia


The Medieval Cookbook


The Spiritual Traveler


Peace Under Fire


Environmental Activism

Astro pic of the day


American Folklore


Permaculture


The Last Alchemist: Count Cagliostro


Sun Goddess


The Da Vinci Code

Lots of things to waste time each day
Daily Everything


A Treasury of Irish Myth, Legend, and Folklore


Architects of Peace


Celtic Folklore Cooking


The Secret Language of Birthdays


Live with Passion!
Anthony Robbins


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Feast day of Knut the Reaper, Hel, Holda and Skadi

Knut the Reaper is possibly the original Grim Reaper, complete with the appearance of a skeleton clad in dark flowing robes wielding a scythe. In Norse mythology he enjoys commemoration today with the goddesses (Hel or Hela, Holda and Skadi) of the shades and underworlds Helheim and Niflheim. Hel was a daughter of Loki and Angerboda.

Her name is the source of the English word hell. Holda is a goddess of witchcraft in German folklore; she became virtually synonymous with Abonde, Diana, and Perchta.

Wikipedia helps us flesh out these deities: Skadi (Old Norvegian/Old Icelandic Skadhi) is a mountain giantess, wife ot the Vanir god Niord and thus a goddess herself.

When the gods killed her father Thjazi, she journeyed to Asgard to avenge him, but then she agreed that she would have that renounced if they allowed her to choose a husband among them and if they succeeded in making her laugh.

The gods allowed her to choose a husband, but she had to choose him only from his feet; she choose Niord because his feet were so beautiful that she thought he was Baldur. Then Loki succeeded in making her laugh, so peace was made, and Odin made two stars from Thjazi's eyes.

After a while, she and her husband separated, because she loved the mountains (Thrymheim), while he wanted to live near the sea (Noatun). The Ynglinga saga says that later she became wife of Odin, and had many sons by him or she left Niord for Ull.

She is the goddess who tied the serpent above Loki's body when he was bounded to the three rocks; this is a footnote to the poem in the Elder Edda, Lokasenna.

It is believed by some mythologists that in the early days of the Norse mythology, Skadi was venerated as a goddess of the hunt, and rivalled the goddesses Frigg and Freyja in terms of significance and popularity; however, she seems to have faded into the background during the progression of Scandinavian beliefs, and little of her survives in lore or artifact.

She is called 'Öndurgodh' and 'Öndurdis', 'Sky Goddess'. Her name could mean 'damage' or 'goddess of the underground world'. Her name is sometimes mentioned as the source of the name 'Scandinavia', and she is sometimes called a patroness of Scandinavia and Scotland.

Two figures were carried, one white and one black, in the 'Lady Godiva' procession of Southam (twelve miles south of Coventry and included in Leofric's earldom). These figures represented the goddess as Holda and Hel.

Knut's symbol is the scythe, which is also worshipped today. The scythe is also the emblem of the scathing destroyer Skadi.

At least one Internet source says that wickerwork giants are paraded through city streets of Douai, France to drive away evil spirits and demons, but I'm unable to confirm whether this happens now, or happened in the past, nor can I offer any more information.  

King Canute

A variant of the name Knut is Canute, the best-known example of which in English is King Canute the Great, (994/995 - November 12, 1035), who was king of England, Denmark and Norway and governor or overlord of Schleswig and Pomerania. He is still famous for a legend about his facing the tides of the sea. Canute (sometimes Cnut; Danish Knud) is actually the name of several kings of medieval Denmark, two of whom reigned also over England during the first half of the 11th century.

CanuteWikipedia's article on Canute the Great says: According to the legend, King Canute grew tired of flattery from his courtiers. When one such flatterer gushed that the king could even command the obedience of the sea, Canute proved him wrong by practical demonstration, his point being that even a king's powers have limits. Unfortunately, this legend is sometimes misunderstood to mean that he believed himself so powerful that the natural elements would obey him, and that his failure to command the tides only made him look foolish.

There is also at least one Saint Knut:

Knud IV of Denmark, King M (f.d. Jan 19)
Knud Lavard M (f.d. Jan 7)
. See also Knud; Knud; Knud IV; Knute

More in the Book of Days
See also Knut's Day, Sweden, January 13, also known as Little Christmas and Twentieth Day or Tyvendedagen (Norway).

Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days

 

Feast day of the Seven Brothers  

(Alexander and Companions), martyrs and St Felicitas, their mother

Their names were Felix, Philip, Martial, Vitalis, Alexander, Silvanus, and Januarius. The Orthodox Church has a Feast of Seven Brothers, Orentius, Pharnacius, Eros, Firmus, Firminus, Kyriakos and Longinus, on June 24. In ancient Latvia, Septinu Bralu Diena was observed.

Orthodox calendar    Latvian holidays

 

Festival of the Ludi Apollinares, ancient Rome (Jul 6 - 13)

Dog Days, ancient Rome (Jul 3 - Aug 11)

Feast day of St Amalburga

Feast day of St Anthony Pechersky

Feast day of St Emmanuel Ruiz

Feast day of St Felix

Feast day of St Januarius

Feast day of St Lantfrid

Feast day of St Leontius

Feast day of St Marinus

Feast day of the Martyrs of Damascus

Feast day of St Nabor

Feast day of St Pascharius

Feast day of St Peter of Perugia

Feast day of St Peter Tu

Feast day of Ss Rufina (Rufinus) and Secunda (Secundus), virgins and martyrs
(Speckled snapdragon, Antirrhinum triphyllum, is today's plant, dedicated to these saints.)

Feast day of St Theodosius Pechersky

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Day of the Coyote, USA

Independence Day, The Bahamas

Silence Day, celebrated by followers of Meher Baba

Armed Forces Day, Mauritania

Rain prognostication
In Scotland, if it rains today, no fewer than seven weeks of bad weather are to be expected hereafter.

Lobster Carnival, Pictou, Nova Scotia (Jul 8 - 11) (2004)

Hakata Yamagasa, Japan (Jul 1 - 15)

Gion Matsuri, Kyoto, Japan (all of July)

Running of the Bulls, Pamplona, Spain (Jul 6 - 14)

NAIDOC Week, Australia (c. Jul 4 - 11)

 

 

 

On which day of the week were you born? Find out here

1452 King James III of Scotland (d. 1488)

1509 John Calvin (d. 1564), Protestant reformer

 

Robert Chambers1802 Robert Chambers (d. March 17, 1871), Scottish author and publisher. Chambers wrote on evolution 15 years before Charles Darwin, and although his science wasn't as good as the great man's, perhaps he should be better remembered for his achievements.

In 1819, Robert and his his elder brother William united as partners in the famous publishing firm of W & R Chambers. Robert Chambers showed an enthusiastic interest in the history and antiquities of Edinburgh, and his Traditions of Edinburgh (2 vols., 1824) gained him the approval and the personal friendship of Sir Walter Scott. A History of the Rebellions in Scotland from 1638 to 1745 (5 vols., 1828) and numerous other works followed.

One of his best known and most remarkable works is The Book of Days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar, etc, W & R Chambers, London, 1881 (1879 Edition is online and 1869 edition here; See The English Year: A Personal Selection from Chambers' Book of Days), an immense compendium, or almanac, of folklore and other subjects, from which readers of this almanac will know is quite often quoted. He also produced Chambers's Encyclopaedia (1859 - 1868), with Dr Andrew Findlater as editor.

Sources: Wikipedia et al

"The Book of Days was Chambers's last publication, and perhaps his most elaborate. It was a miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar, and it is supposed that his excessive labour in connexion with this book hastened his death. Two years before, the university of St Andrews had conferred upon him the degree of doctor of laws, and he was elected a member of the Athenaeum club in London. It is his highest claim to distinction that he did so much to give a healthy tone to the cheap popular literature which has become so important a factor in modern civilization."   Source

"Scottish publisher and popular writer whose anonymous Vestiges created an international sensation in 1844. Condemned not only by devout naturalists such as Agassiz and Sedgwick, but by future evolutionists such as Gray, Huxley, and Darwin himself. Much of his theory was based on the teleological arguments of Lamarck and Geoffroy, with its progressionistic overtones, grounding in an analogy with ontogenetic development, belief in spontaneous generation, and depiction of parallel, unbranched evolutionary lineages. Unlike them, he gave the theory a religious sheen that made it more acceptable."   Source

"Although educational publishing made William and Robert famous, Robert was a learned man in his own right. Acknowledged as the more literary and intellectual of the two, a genuine polymath and something of scientific geologist, despite having little formal scientific training, he toured both Scandinavia and Canada conducting geological exploration. His ensuing publications included Tracings of the North of Europe and Tracings in Iceland and the Faroe Islands. However, what many are coming to regard as possibly his greatest achievement is a controversial book on evolution which predated Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species' by 15 years and for which, until recently, he has certainly not had the credit he deserves."
William and Robert Chambers

Founders of W & R Chambers, publishers, of Edinburgh.
A short history to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Robert Chambers's birth.

"In October of 1844, a small bomb went off in the world of British science. The bomb took the form of a 400-page book with the grand title Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, presenting a comprehensive account of the history of the Earth, from the formation of the Solar System through the development of plant and animal life, up to the origins of humankind. Strangely, there was no author's name on the cover.

"The book sold remarkably well – over 20,000 copies in a decade, making it one of the best-sellers of its time. Abraham Lincoln and Queen Victoria read it; so did poets like Alfred Tennyson and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, statesmen like William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli, scientists like Thomas Henry Huxley and Adam Sedgwick, and philosophers like Arthur Schopenhauer and John Stuart Mill.

"Critical responses ran the gamut from enthusiasm to damnation. 'Like a breath of fresh air to workmen in a crowded factory,' said the politically liberal medical journal, the Lancet. Physicist Sir David Brewster warned that Vestiges stood a 'fair chance of poisoning the fountains of science, and sapping the foundations of religion.' Scottish journalist and geologist Hugh Miller, never a man to avoid an argument, published an entire book, Foot-Prints of the Creator, as a rebuttal to Vestiges. Charles Darwin called it 'that strange, unphilosophical, but capitally-written book,' and wryly noted that a few people had suspected him of being the author. Thomas Henry Huxley penned one of the most venomous book reviews of all time: the book was a 'once attractive and still notorious work of fiction,' its author one of 'those who ...indulge in science at second-hand and dispense totally with logic.' And still the book sold well, and influenced Victorian science, art, and public opinion. Who had written it? And why did it evoke such strong reactions? ... only seven people were told who the author was during Chambers's lifetime ...

"But what was in this controversial book? It began with an explanation of the nebular hypothesis of the formation of the Solar System, and went on from there to present a grand picture of the progressive evolution of life on Earth. Chambers's practical experience with science was limited, and he included much in this book that more experienced scientists found ludicrous. He accepted, and reported at some length, the experiments of one Mr. W. H. Weekes, who claimed to have generated living mites by passing electric currents through potassium ferrocyanate solution. He saw biological evolution as steady upward progress, governed by unknown laws ..."   Source

My USA mate and colleague, Michael Hillman, writes "The most prized book in my collection is Chambers' 1869 The Book of Days. It sits on my night stand ready to entertain and enlighten." (Source) I concur. I've been poring over Chambers for a quarter century and am fortunate to have Volume I of the 1881 edition – and very desirous of obtaining Volume II, or any other edition in two volumes. The following image is from my treasure:

Robert Chambers, Book of Days

Robert Chambers, Book of Days

Click image to enlarge

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation    More

The Calendar and Primitive Almanacs, by R Chambers, in the Scriptorium

Works by Robert Chambers at Project Gutenberg

Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, Volume XVII., No 423, New Series. February 7, 1852 (English) (as Editor)

Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, No. 424, New Series, February 14, 1852 (English) (as Editor)

Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, Vol. XVII. No. 418. New Series. January 3, 1852 (English) (as Editor)    More online texts at Gutenberg

More on Chambers at Michael Hillman's site    Chambers and Partners   Chambers's Encyclopaedia

The Searchable Chambers's Book of Days is now available on CD from Pip's colleague, Michael Hillman
 Just  $14.95

Mike writes: "All proceeds from the sale of the CD are being put into an escrow account to fund keeping Chambers's Book of Days online ad free for ... well hopefully forever!"

 

 

1830 Camille Pissarro (d. 1903), French impressionist painter and graphic artist

1834 James Abbott McNeill Whistler, American-born English artist

"James McNeill Whistler, the painter of that most American of works – the very icon of American motherhood – 'Arrangement in Grey and Black' (better known, of course, as 'Whistler's Mother'), ironically left the United States at the age of twenty-one, never to return. Whistler lived as an expatriate, alternating between London and Paris depending on the local artistic climate at the time. Egotistical, abrasive, and yet extremely talented, he stands as an isolated figure in art history, never directly associated with a specific style or school of painting. As a result, Whistler's work has in modern times rarely received the attention it deserves."  Source

1842 Adolphus Busch (brewer: founder of Anheuser-Busch, the world's largest beer brewery)

1871 Marcel Proust (d. 1922), French novelist (A la Recherche de Temps Perdu)

"Marcel Proust was born to bourgeois parents living in Paris. His father was a doctor and his mother came from a rich and cultured Jewish family. Beginning in his childhood and continuing throughout his life, Proust suffered from chronic asthma attacks.

"His literary talent became evident during his high school (lycée) years. He began to frequent salons such as that of Mme Arman, a friend of Anatole France. Under the patronage of the latter, Proust published in 1896 his first book, Les Plaisirs et les Jours, a collection of short stories, essays and poems. It was not very successful.

"Proust had begun in autumn 1895 a novel which he later abandoned in autumn 1899 and never finished. It was finally published in 1952 as Jean Santeuil.

"After this second setback, Proust devoted several years to translating and annotating the works of the English art historian John Ruskin …"