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8


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I believe it was God's will that we should come back, so that men might know the things that are in the world, since, as we have said in the first chapter of this book, no other man, Christian or Saracen, Mongol or pagan, has explored so much of the world as Messer Marco, son of Messer Niccolo Polo, great and noble citizen of the city of Venice.
Marco Polo, who died on January 8, 1324, writes humbly of himself; Travels

When a man is riding through this desert by night and for some reason – falling asleep or anything else – he gets separated from his companions and wants to rejoin them, he hears spirit voices talking to him as if they were his companions, sometimes even calling him by name. Often these voices lure him away from the path and he never finds it again, and many travellers have got lost and died because of this. Sometimes in the night travellers hear a noise like the clatter of a great company of riders away from the road; if they believe that these are some of their own company and head for the noise, they find themselves in deep trouble when daylight comes and they realize their mistake. There were some who, in crossing the desert, have been a host of men coming towards them and, suspecting that they were robbers, returning, they have gone hopelessly astray ... Even by daylight men hear these spirit voices, and often you fancy you are listening to the strains of many instruments, especially drums, and the clash of arms. For this reason bands of travellers make a point of keeping very close together. Before they go to sleep they set up a sign pointing in the direction in which they have to travel, and round the necks of all their beasts they fasten little bells, so that by listening to the sound they may prevent them from straying off the path.
Marco Polo; Travels

 Dalrymple coat of arms, and the 'Curse of Scotland', the Nine of Diamonds
Dalrymple coat of arms, and the 'Curse of Scotland', the Nine of Diamonds

I did not tell half of what I saw.
Marco Polo; Travels

É, si muove!. (Still, it moves.)
Galileo Galilei, Italian scientist, who died on January 8, 1642

You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.
Galileo Galilei

Make 'em laugh, make 'em cry, make 'em wait.
Wilkie Collins, English thriller novelist, born on January 8, 1824

I am not against hasty marriages, where a mutual flame is fanned by an adequate income.
Wilkie Collins

At the pre-emptory request of a large majority of the citizens of these United States, I Joshua Norton, formerly of Algoa Bay, Cape of Good Hope, and now for the last nine years and ten months past of San Francisco, California, declare and proclaim myself the Emperor of These United States. 
Emperor Norton I, who passed away on January 8, 1880; proclamation of September 16, 1864

WHEREAS, a body of men calling themselves the National Congress are now in session in Washington City, in violation of our Imperial edict of the 12th of October last, declaring the said Congress abolished;

WHEREAS, it is necessary for the repose of our Empire that the said decree should be strictly complied with;

NOW, THEREFORE, we do hereby Order and Direct Major-General Scott, the Command-in-Chief of our Armies, immediately upon receipt of this, our Decree, to proceed with a suitable force and clear the Halls of Congress.
Emperor Norton I, decree of January, 1860

One night a gang of vigilantes gathered for a pogrom against San Francisco's Chinatown. All that stood in their way was the solitary figure of Norton. A sane man would not have been there in the first place. A rational man would have tried to reason with them. A moralist would have scolded them. A man as daft as Norton usually seemed would have loudly ordered them to cease and desist in the name of His Royal Imperial authority. All such tacks would probably have been futile, and Norton resorted to none of them. 
  He simply bowed His head in silent prayer. 
  The vigilantes dispersed.
Source

'Twas on the 8th of January 1881,
  That a terrific gale along the English Channel ran,
And spread death and disaster in its train,
  Whereby the 'Indian Chief' vessel was tossed on the raging main.

She was driven ashore on the Goodwin Sands,
  And the good captain fearlessly issued his commands,
"Come, my men, try and save the vessel, work with all your might,"
  Although the poor sailors on board were in a fearful plight.

Sir William Topaz McGonagall (the 'worst poet in English language'; 1830 - 1902); 'The Wreck of the "Indian Chief"'

The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change.
Carl Rogers, American humanistic psychologist, born on January 8, 1902

 

More quotes by Carl Rogers

The very essence of the creative is its novelty, and hence we have no standard by which to judge it.

I believe that the testing of the student's achievements in order to see if he meets some criterion held by the teacher, is directly contrary to the implications of therapy for significant learning.

What I am is good enough if I could only be it openly.

When I look at the world I'm pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic.

If we value independence, if we are disturbed by the growing conformity of knowledge, of values, of attitudes, which our present system induces, then we may wish to set up conditions of learning which make for uniqueness, for self-direction, and for self-initiated learning.

In a person who is open to experience each stimulus is freely relayed through the nervous system, without being distorted by any process of defensiveness.

The good life is a process, not a state of being. It is a direction not a destination.

The substratum of all human motivation is the organismic tendency toward fulfilment.

Only if we individually were to walk through the awful human aftermath of our bombing raids would the experiential horror be joined to the intellectual label, and we would learn, in a total way, the incredible things we have done.

It was many years before I realized why my writings and my way of counseling and teaching were so controversial. Only in recent years have I recognized how threatening were my views. If accepted, they effectively reduced the political power of therapists or teachers; they no longer had "power over" other individuals.

 … professional experience has forced upon me the realization that man, when you know him deeply, in his worst and most troubled states, is not evil or demonic.

… when man is less than fully man – when he denies to awareness various aspects of his experience – then indeed we have all too often reason to fear him and his behavior, as the present world situation testifies.

My name's got 'evils' and 'lives.' It's probably better not to wonder too much about it.
Elvis Presley
, who was born on January 8, 1935

 

 

January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 357 days remaining (358 in leap years)
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Lesser (Rural) Dionysia, festival of Dionysus, ancient Greece

The Attic festivals of Dionysus were four: The Rural or Lesser Dionysia, the Lenaea, the Anthesteria and the City or Great (or Urban) Dionysia.

Dionysus (or Dionysos, pronounced dy-uh-ny'-suhs), later known to the ancient Romans as Bacchus, was the Greek god of wine, revelry and ecstasy. He was the son of Zeus, the supreme god, and Semele (in Eleusis, Zeus and Demeter).

Etymologically, his name is the 'Zeus of Nysa'. He seems to be the Vedic god Soma, by similarities of legend and function, and many scholars believe his cult was born in Thrace. He seems to be a god who has two distinct personas. He was the god of wine, agriculture and the fertility of Nature; patron god of the Greek stage, of poetry, song, festivities and parties; promoter of civilisation; a lawgiver and lover of peace. However, he also represented the primary features of mystery religions, such as those practised at Eleusis: ecstasy, transcendence from the mundane world through physical or spiritual intoxication, as well as initiation into secret rites. 

He might in fact be a conflation of a local Greek Nature god, and another more potent god imported rather late in Greek pre-history from Phrygia (the central area of modern day Turkey) or Thrace. However, it might be that the deity's origin was in the Mediterranean, in Minoan Crete, as Dionysus was one of the names of gods discovered on the Linear B tablets of Mycenae. Dionysus, who was one of the oldest gods in the Greek pantheon, a life-death-rebirth deity, and was strongly associated with the satyrs, centaurs and sileni (half-man and half-horse).

The Rural or Lesser Dionysia were celebrated in the month of Poseideon. This the most ancient festival of all, when even slaves enjoyed full freedom. There were dramatic contests; Aristotle claimed (Poet. 1449a) that comedy was born in the Rural Dionysia. As they rode by in wagons, the peasants would assail the bystanders. According to Plutarch (3.527D), there was a procession of the carriers of a jar of wine and a vine, with someone leading a he-goat, followed by the Kanęphoros (Basket-bearer) who carried a basket of raisins. Then came the carriers of an erect, wooden phallus-pole, decorated with ivy and fillets, and finally the singer of the Phallikon (Phallic Song), which was addressed to 'Phalęs'.

On Askôlia, the second day of the festival, they engaged in the Askôliasmos, a contest to see who could balance the longest on top of a greased, inflated wine-skin (askos). Askôliazô might refer to standing on one leg, because there were many other such 'one-legged' contests at the festival.  

Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days    Festivals in ancient Greece

 

 

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Feast day of Justitia, goddess of justice, ancient Rome

Justitia was the Roman goddess of justice. She was originally depicted holding a cornucopia and scales. Later she was shown as blindfolded, holding scales and a sword or sceptre.

In Greek mythology, Themis ('law'; Roman equivalent: Justitia) was the personification of divine order, law and custom. She built the Oracle at Delphi and was herself oracular. With Zeus, she was the mother of the Horae, Moirae, Dike and Astraea.

Themis was usually portrayed as a harsh-looking woman, blindfolded and holding scales and a cornucopia.

In ancient times in many places in Europe, the king went to the gates of the royal city or of the temple to dispense justice. Many such gates were sculptured with lions to represent strength of the law. Hence expressions such as 'at the gates' or 'at the lions', and 'the gate of justice'.

Roman festivals and notable days in the Book of Days    Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days

Images of statues of Justitia (some dead links)

 

Midwives' Day, ancient Greece

"Once a celebration honoring the Goddess Babbo, now honoring midwives and birth. Men stay inside while the village midwife is adorned with fertility symbols such as flowers, onion, garlic, dried figs, currants, and carob-beans and receives gifts from all the women of child-bearing age. A ceremony is performed when they pour out water for her and kiss the 'schema' (meaning shape), a large phallic symbol made from a leek or sausage. Afterwards women feast and drink, lead the midwife in a procession while dancing and telling lewd jokes, and sprinkle her with water from the fountain."   Source

 

Today's Goddess:  Eleithyia

"Themes: Birth; Children; Creativity; Fertility

"Symbols: A Torch; White Flowers


"About Eleithyia: As the Aegean Goddess of birth, Eleithyia acts as the midwife to your new year, filling it with creative power. Eleithyia's name translates as "Fluid of Generation," giving her strong fertile aspects, and she also has a hand in personal fate. According to myth, Eleithyia was the midwife of the gods and even birthed Eos, the creative force behind all things. When Eleithyia's hands were closed, birth was delayed. When Eleithyia opened her body, a child arrives effortlessly.

"To Do Today: The ancients honored their midwives today as the Goddess's assistants by giving them gifts. In modern times, this might equate to sending a thank-you note to your physician or pediatrician. "If you bring Eleithyia's fertility to any area of your life this year, try this spell: Gather a handful of white flower petals. Work in an area that somehow represents your goal. If you want a fertile garden, for example, cast this spell in your garden; for fertile ideas, perform it in your study. Visualize your goal as you release all but one petal, turning clockwise to the winds saying:

"The wish of my heart, Eleithyia see, 
and bring back to me fertility. 

"Carry the last petal to help the magick manifest."

Source: Patricia Telesco, 365 Goddess, and GrannyMoon's Morning Feast

Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days

 

Druidic New Year
Source: The
Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar

Feast day of St Abo of Tblisi

Feast day of St Apollinaris

Feast day of St Athelm

Feast day of St Eugenian of Autun

Feast day of St Frodobert

Feast day of St Garibaldus

 

Feast day of St Gudule (Gudula,  Gudila), virgin

(Yellow tremella [Sinte Goedele's lampken; St Gudula's lantern], Tremella deliquescens, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)

Gudule's mother was a niece of the eldest of the French kings named Pepin (580 - February 27, 640), an archaic Gallic version of the English and Australian name 'Pip' (usually, as in my case, a contraction of Philip). Gudule was educated at Nivelle under the care of her cousin, St Gertrude, then returned to her father's house and dedicated her life to religion. She spent her revenues on the poor, hence her veneration in the Roman Catholic Church.

While going to the church of Morgelle, she relit a taper by the efficacy of her prayers, as the Virgin Mary heard her and relit the taper (or lamp). Gudule died on January 8, 712 and was buried at Ham, near Villevord. Her relics were transferred to Brussels in 978 and deposited in the church of St Gery; in 1047 they were removed to the Church of Michael, now called the Cathedral of St Gudula. In art she is represented with a lantern.

The flower called tremella deliquescens, bears fruit in the beginning of January; it's known as 'Sinte Goedele's lampken' (Saint Gudula's lantern) because not even the winter can extinguish it.

 

Feast day of St Helladius

Feast day of St Lucian of Antioch, priest and martyr, Church of England

Feast day of St Lucian of Beauvais

 

Feast day of St Pega
Pega (c673 - c. 714), the sister of St Guthlac, was an anchoress at Peakirk ('Pega's church'; in modern Peterborough, Cambridgeshire) in the English kingdom of Mercia. She reputedly cured a man of his blindness.

The image at right, from the British Library, showsSt Pega with her brother, St Guthlac. The spectacles on Guthlac have been added at a later date by some graffitist.

 

Feast day of St Severinus, 'apostle to Noricum', German monastery founder

Feast day of St Severinus of Septempeda

Feast day of St Theophilus

Feast day of St Wulsin of Sherborne

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Jackson Day (for Andrew Jackson), Louisiana, USA
A public holiday in Louisiana. "Celebrates the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 when the United States forces commanded by Andrew Jackson defeated the British. This was the last battle of the War of 1812, and was actually fought two weeks after the peace treaty was signed. Also known as Old Hickory's Day and Battle of New Orleans Day."   Source

Commonwealth Day, Northern Mariana Islands

Gynaecocratia, Greece
Women congregate in cafes while men perform the household tasks. Monoklissia, North Petra, Strimi, Xilagani, Nea Kassani, Serres, Kilkis, Xanthi and Komotini are towns where you can see this custom, celebrating womanhood. Men are only allowed to join their wives after dark.

 

 

 

1081 Henry V, (d. May 23, 1125), Holy Roman Emperor

1583 Simon Episcopius, Dutch bishop

1587 Johannes Fabricius, Frisian/German astronomer and a discoveror of sunspots, independently of Galileo Galilei

1823 Alfred Russel Wallace, British zoologist, co-discoverer, with Charles Darwin, of the theory of evolution. Wallace sent his conclusions to Darwin, and their findings were both presented to the Linnaean Society in 1858.

1824 Wilkie Collins (d. September 23, 1889), British novelist (The Moonstone; The Woman in White)

"Though many of Collins's twenty-five novels are now little-read, his 'gaslight thrillers' were once very popular, and two – The Woman in White (1860) and The Moonstone (1868) – have not only stayed in print but grown in reputation."   Source

1854 Samuel Mathers (Samuel Liddel 'MacGregor' Mathers, born as Samuel Liddel; d. November, 1918), magician and one of the most influential figures in modern Occultism. He is primarily known as a founder of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (birth date uncertain; some sources give January 11). Mathers died on November 5 or November 20, 1918. The manner of death is unknown; his death certificate lists no cause of death.

"Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers was born in 1854 and died 1918. As a prominent occult scholar, he was an author and a leader of the occult revival in the late 1880's. He had a life long fascination with magic, mysticism and Celtic symbolism that led him to hold high office in the S.R.I.A. (Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia). He, together with Dr. William Wynn Westcott and Dr. William Woodman was a co-founder of the influential occult Order known as the 'Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.'"   Source

1864 Prince Albert Victor (Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale; Albert Victor Christian Edward; d. January 14, 1892), mentally deficient grandson of Queen Victoria, eldest son of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and Alexandra of Denmark and heir to the British throne; later an alleged suspect in the Jack the Ripper murders, but this is fanciful, and likely an urban myth. At the time of his birth, he was second in the line of succession to the throne after his father. However, he predeceased him, and the crown eventually passed to his younger brother, Prince George (King George V), the grandfather of the current British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. He died of pneumonia as a complication of influenza.


"Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward, eldest child of Bertie, the Prince of Wales (future Edward VII) and his wife Alexandra of Denmark, was born on January 8, 1864 at Frogmore House in Windsor and he was a seven months baby; he was called just Eddy by his family.

"When he began to grow up, his tutor, John Neale Dalton, noticed an 'abnormall dormant condition' in Eddy's mind, which  might be caused during his premature birth. Eddy failed in all subjects and was unable to keep his attention in something for more than a few minutes. He was constantly overshadowed by his younger brother, Prince George (future George V) in every aspect. Dalton said that Prince Eddy required of Prince George's company to induce him to work so the tutor considered the two boys should be educated together."   Source

Cleveland Street Scandal    Channel 4 History- Prince Albert Victor (1864-1892)

 

1867 Emily Greene Balch (d. 1961), American Quaker academic, writer, editor of The Nation, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, 1946

Balch was co-founder of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), an organisation that came to embrace programs that endorse violence as an acceptable means of achieving world 'peace and justice'.

1870 Miguel Primo de Rivera (d. 1930), dictator of Spain

1885 John Curtin, Australian Prime Minister during WWII

John Curtin Prime Ministerial Library

1891 Walther Bothe (d. 1957), physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1954

1899 Solomon Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) statesman

1902 Georgi Malenkov (December 26, 1901, Old Style - January 14, 1988), Soviet politician and Communist Party leader, and a close collaborator of Joseph Stalin. He briefly became leader of the Soviet Union (March - September 1953) after Stalin's death and was Premier of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1955.

1902 Carl Rogers, American humanistic psychologist and author (On Becoming a Person; Client Centered Therapy; Freedom to Learn for the '80s; A Way of Being; Carl Rogers on Personal Power; Becoming Partners: Marriage and Its Alternatives)

"Carl Rogers is best known for his views about the therapeutic relationship. These views revolutionized the course of therapy. He took the, then, radical view that "the client knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been buried" (Rogers, 1961, pp. 11-12). He assisted people in taking responsibility for themselves. He believed that the experience of being understood and valued gives us the freedom to grow, while pathology derives from attempting to earn others' positive regard rather than following an inner compass."   Source

"His own approach, person-centered therapy, posited that when the therapist provides three necessary and sufficient attitudes or conditions--empathy, congruence (= genuineness), and unconditional positive regard--the client will make use of them to uncover those aspects of his experiencing repressed by a self-concept made rigid by internalized conditions of worth …"   Source

Carl Rogers: The Quiet Revolutionary, An Oral History

 

1912 José Ferrer (d. 1992), American actor

1926 Soupy Sales, American TV personality (some sources give 1930)

1931 Bill Graham (d. 1991), rock music entrepreneur

1935 Elvis Presley (d. August 16, 1977), rock and roll singer and guitarist.

Elvis: The Hollywood Years, a biography by David Bret, claims that his manager Colonel Tom Parker "held secret information about a homosexual affair between Elvis and actor Nick Adams over his head like a sword. He made it clear that ... if Elvis didn't toe the line, he'd let it get out. At that time, it could well have ruined his career. That is why Parker had so much control over him."

Official Elvis site

1937 Shirley Bassey, Welsh singer

1941 Graham Chapman (d. 1989), English comedian (Monty Python)

1942 Stephen Hawking, theoretical physicist and author

1942 Yvette Mimieux, French actress

1947 David Bowie, English singer

 

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