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We lived from our youth up in brotherly community of goods; money, books, and collectanea, belonged to us in common, and it was natural to combine our labours.
Jakob Grimm, German philologist and folklorist, born on January 4, 1785, writing of his relationship with his brother, Wilhelm Grimm

I am a camera with its shutter open, quite passive, recording, not thinking.
 Christopher Isherwood, Anglo-American author, died on January 4, 1986; Goodbye to Berlin

It seems to me that the real clue to your sex-orientation lies in your romantic feelings rather than in your sexual feelings. If you are really gay, you are able to fall in love with a man, not just enjoy having sex with him.
Christopher Isherwood

Life is not so bad if you have plenty of luck, a good physique, and not too much imagination.
Christopher Isherwood

What irritates me is the bland way people go around saying, 'Oh, our attitude has changed. We don't dislike these people any more.' But by the strangest coincidence, they haven't taken away the injustice; the laws are still on the books.
Christopher Isherwood  

 Hansel and Gretel, by Arthur Rackham
"Come in, children, there are no Republicans here!"

The 4th day of January, 1688, we fell in with the Land of New Holland in the Lat. of 16 d. So m. having, as I said before, made our Course due South from the Shoal that we past by the 31st day of December. We ran in close by it, and finding no convenient anchoring, because it lies open to the N.W. we ran along shore to the Eastward, steering N. E. by E. for so the Land lies. We steered thus about 12 Leagues; and then came to a Point of Land, from whence the Land trends East and Southerly, for 10 or 12 Leagues; but how afterwards I know not. About 3 Leagues to the Eastward of this Point, there is a pretty deep Bay, with abundance of Islands in it, and a very good place to anchor in, or to hale ashore. About a League to the Eastward of that Point we anchored January the 5th, 1688, 2 Mile from the Shore, in 29 Fathom, good hard Sand, and clean Ground. 
  New Holland is a very large Tract of Land. It is not yet determined whether it is an Island or a main Continent; but I am certain that it joyns neither to Asia, Africa, nor America. This part of it that we saw is all low even Land, with Sandy Banks against the Sea, only the Points are rocky, and so are some of the Islands in this Bay. 
  The Land is of a dry sandy Soil, destitute of Water, except you make Wells; yet producing divers sorts of Trees; but the Woods are not thick, nor the Trees very big. Most of the Trees that we saw are Dragon-trees, as we supposed; and these too are the largest Trees of any there. They are about the bigness of our large Apple-trees, and about the same heighth: and the Rind is blackish, and somewhat rough. The Leaves are of a dark colour; the Gum distils out of the Knots or Cracks that are in the Bodies of the Trees. We compared it with some Gum Dragon, or Dragon's Blood, that was aboard, and it was of the same colour and taste. The other sorts of Trees were not known by any of us. There was pretty long Grass growing under the Trees; but it was very thin. We saw no Trees that bore Fruit or Berries. 
  We saw no sort of Animal, nor any Track of Beast, but once; and that seemed to be the Tread of a Beast as big as a great Mastiff-Dog. Here are a few small Land-birds, but none bigger than a Blackbird; and but few Sea-fowls. Neither is the Sea very plentifully stored with Fish, unless you reckon the Manatee and Turtle as such. Of these Creatures there is plenty; but they are extraordinary shy; though the Inhabitants cannot trouble them much, having neither Boats nor Iron. 
  The Inhabitants of this Country are the miserablest People in the world. The Hodmadods of Monomatapa, though a nasty people, yet for Wealth are Gentlemen to these; who have no Houses and skin Garments, Sheep, Poultry, and Fruits of the Earth, Ostrich Eggs, etc., as the Hodmadods have ...

William Dampier's account of his first visit to the shores of New Holland (Australia) in the Cygnet; The Discovery of New Holland, Chapter 16   Source

The biographical headnotes in every sophomore [literature] anthology suggest the importance of Petrarch's love for Laura, of Dante's love for Beatrice, of Wordsworth's love for Annette, but never are we told [in textbooks] that Oscar's love for Bosie informs some of his prose...; that Whitman's love for Peter Doyle influenced his prophetic theory of comradeship; that AE Housman's unrequited love for A.J. Jackson contributed to the bitter but restrained sorrow of much of his poetry …; or that Edna St Vincent Millay's frequent references to Sappho or Lesbos are not prompted by her love for Eugene, or that Tennyson's love for Arthur Hugh Hallam prompted him to write that most 'universal' of sentiments: 'Tis better to have loved and lost/Than never to have loved at all.'
Rictor Norton in 'Ganymede Raped: Gay Literature – The Critic as Censor', Gay Sunshine Journal #23, November 1974   Source

I let down my friends, I let down my country.
President Richard Nixon, who, on January 4, 1974, refused a US Federal Court order to hand over the tape recordings he had made in his office

 

 

 

January 4 is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 361 days remaining (362 in leap years).
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In January – Dogon tribe, Republic of Mali

The Dogon are a group of people living in Mali, in West Africa, and there are about 300,000 Dogon people living today. They are most noted for their descriptions of the Sirius star system.

Funerals are held for those who died during the year. Every 12 years or so the dama dance is held to induce souls of recently departed to leave the local environs and join those of the ancestors. About every 60 years the Dogon celebrate the most important funeral of all, the Sigi. It involves all the Dogon villages and takes about six years to complete. It commemorates the death of the first human and initiates a new generation of males into the Dogon secrets.

 Masked men come from the bush into the village, then the village erupts in celebration, noise, dancing, theatrics. The dances mime and often satirise Dogon culture. Masks represent everything: animals, trees, spirits, celebrities in Dogon culture. The neighbouring Fulani and Mossi people are often parodied, as are white people (who are represented by red masks each with a hooked nose, fluffy beard and lank hair). A colonial administrator is represented with a pad and pen. An anthropologist is satirised by a masked actor who sits imperiously on a chair and asks silly questions. A 'tourist' has a 'camera' and pushes others out of the way for a clear view. 

The Dogon people, it has been said, scorn tourists and their passion for recording their culture. "What is the point?" they ask. "Do they not have any stories of their own?" 

Sirius and the Dogon people

From Wikipedia

Dogon mythology seems to describe Sirius B, which is not visible without the use of a telescope. Some of the information given by Dogon natives on the Sirius system was recorded before it was discovered by Western science.

They call Sirius B Po Tolo. This star was the seed of the Milky Way galaxy and 'navel' of the entire universe, according to the Dogon mythological explanation of the universe. They describe the universe as "infinite, but measurable", and filled with many yalu ulo, or spiral star systems, including the one with our own sun.

According to the Dogon perception of the universe, most of the universe is part of the "external" star system, while nearer to Earth is the "internal" star system. The stars in the "internal" system include many that they claim affect the lives of people of Earth and play a part in human history, including not only the Sirius binary/ternary system, but also Orion, Pleiades and others.

The tribe neighbouring the Dogon, the Bozo, have a similar mythology about Sirius in the sky and refer to it as the "Eye Star."

According to some, the Dogons came in contact with an amphibious alien race, the Nommos, about 5000 years ago. The Nommos came from a planet orbiting Sirius and passed on information regarding the star system.

 

"Did amphibious beings from the star Sirius visit the earth 5,000 or more years ago and leave advanced astronomical knowledge that is still possessed by a remote African tribe called the Dogon? This astonishing claim was put forward in 1976 by Robert Temple in his 'ancient astronaut' book, The Sirius Mystery. An astronomer, familiar with the Sirius system, would say no, because astronomical theory virtually precludes the possibility that Sirius is a suitable parent star for life or that it could have habitable planets. But most of Robert Temple's readers would not know enough astronomy to judge the matter for themselves. Neither would they find the relevant astronomical information in Temple's book, most of which consists of brain-numbing excursions into Egyptology ...

"In the information imparted to the French anthropologists [Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen, who worked among the Dogon from 1931 to 1952], the Dogon referred to a small and super-dense companion of Sirius, made of matter heavier than anything on Earth, and moving in a 50-year elliptical orbit around its parent star. The white dwarf companion of Sirius which answers to this description was not seen until 1862, when the American optician Alvan Graham Clark spotted it while testing a new telescope; the superdense nature of white dwarfs was not realized until the 1920s. But the Dogon Sirius traditions are at least centuries old. How can we account for the remarkable accord between ancient Dogon legends and modern astronomical fact?"
Source

Dogon pages at Crystalinks    The Dogon, the Nommos and Sirius B

 

Sirius in South Pacific legend

In Tahiti's legend of the Birth of the Heavenly Bodies, Ta'ura ('the Red One'), a name for Sirius, took a wife of whom princes were born, Matari'i (Makali'i) being one. Then were "created kings of the chiefs of earthly hosts on one side, and of chiefs in the skies on the other side".

In New Zealand Maori myth, Takurua is the name of Sirius. The Tuhoe people say she is a woman who ushers in Winter, and on cold nights her shining warns of heavy frost. Winter is also often known by the name Takurua. It's referred to as Hine-takurua, Winter Woman.  

Sirius and the Kalahari Bushmen

The Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa, have a ritual associated with the appearance of certain stars, including Sirius. When Sirius appears; the people call out to one another: "Sirius comes yonder! You must burn a stick for us towards Sirius. Who was it who saw Sirius?" One man says to another, "Our brother saw Sirius." The other man says to him, "I saw Sirius." The other man says to him: "I wish you to burn a stick for us towards Sirius; that the sun may shining come out for us; that Sirius may not coldly come out."

The other man (the one who saw Sirius) says to his son: "Bring me the small piece of wood over there, that I may put the end of it in the fire, that I may burn it towards grandmother; that grandmother may ascend the sky, like the other one, [the star] Canopus."

The child brings him the piece of wood and the father holds the end of it in the fire. He points the burning brand towards Sirius and says that Sirius shall twinkle like Canopus (which is in fact the second-brightest star in the sky). He sings about Canopus and Sirius; and points to them with fire, that they may twinkle like each other. Following this, he throws fire towards the stars and completely covers himself up from head to toe in his kaross (a blanket made of animal hide) and lies down.

Soon he arises, and sits down; he does not again lie down, because he feels that he has worked, putting Sirius into the sun's warmth; so that Sirius may come out in the sky and shine warmly.  

More on Sirius lore at the Dog Days of Summer page at the Scriptorium

More on Sirius at July 23 in the Book of Days    Deities of many cultures in the Book of Days

 

 

 

 

Festival of Fufluns

Etruscan god of wine, vegetation, vitality and gaiety, son of the earth-goddess Semia. He shows many similarities to Dionysus and Bacchus, the Greek and Roman gods of wine, and there is evidence that he was also a god of the dead.  His name appears to be derived from the word for 'sprout' or 'bud', and the Etruscan city of Populonia is derived from his name.

Etruscan mythology    Etruscan religion

 

 

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The Twelve Days of Christmas

Day 1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12

On the tenth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me
Ten lords a-leaping, nine ladies dancing, eight maids a-milking, seven swans
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And a partridge in a pear tree.

 

The Quadrantids annual meteor shower (Jan 1 - 5)
The meteors appear to radiate from an area inside the constellation Boötes; the name comes from Quadrans Muralis, an obsolete constellation that is now part of Boötes. The best date to view the Quadrantids is January 3 or 4, although they can viewed from January 1 - 5.

Egyptian day (dies egypticus, dies ægypticus or dies mala), unlucky day in Medieval Europe. ("But, notwithstanding I will trust the Lord" was the associated saying.)

Feast day of St Aedh Dubh

Feast day of St Angela of Foligno

Feast day of St Elizabeth Ann Seton

Feast day of St Gaius

Feast day of St Geminus

Feast day of St Gregory of Langres, bishop

Feast day of St Rigobert, or Robert, of Rheims

Feast day of St Thomas Plumtree

Feast day of Saint Titus
(Hazel, Corylus avellana, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint. See August 5 for the folklore of hazel.)

Octave of the Holy Innocents

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Independence Day, Burma

Martyrs of Independence Day, Zaire

Casé gâteaux (Breaking the Cakes), a communal form of a mager-loa, Voudon (Voodoo) (Jan 2 - 4)

Visit of the Magi, Austria, till January 6

Amamehagi Demons Festival, Monzen-machi, Ishikawa, Japan (Jan 2 - 6)

Shusho-E Matsuri, Japan (Jan 1 - 14)

 

 

Picture: Yellow Monday cicada, Australian MuseumCicada time in Australia

 

The cicadas make themselves known on these hot days all around Australia, which has about 220 in 38 genera of the 2,000-plus species of the world's large Cicadidae family (of the order Hemiptera, suborder Homoptera).

After seven years underground as nymphs at depths ranging from about 30 cm (1 ft) up to 2.5 m (about 8½ ft) (some species have much longer life cycles; eg, the Magicicada goes through a 13- or even 17-year life cycle) they begin emerging in the spring – the earliest I have heard the drumming of one of them in Sydney was October 11; it was at Forestville.

 

Over generations, Australian children have bestowed names on some of the species. The most common and thus best known is the Green Grocer (Cyclochila australasiae). The Floury Baker (Abricta curvicosta) and the Black Prince (Psaltoda plaga) are less common – the latter especially so and their scarcity might help explain the dubious folklore of children that you can sell them to pharmacists for a tidy sum, and their wings will be ground up and used in important medicines. It might be that during the Australian Gold Rush days of the 1850s, Chinese herbalists really did grind up Black Prince wings for their elixirs.

 

Another famous Aussie cicada is the Double Drummer (Thopha saccata), and I suppose just about everyone here knows the Yellow Monday (pictured), which is also Cyclochila australasiae like its Greengrocer sibling (Greengrocer and Yellow Monday are simply two different colour forms of the same species). No one really knows when the colourful names were first given, but the terms 'Yellow Monday' and 'Green Grocer' were in popular use as early as 1896.

Green Grocers, Yellow Mondays and Double Drummers can crank up a noise intensity of more than 120dB at close range, approaching the pain threshold of the human ear. And we won't mention the Pisswhacker.

 

Ancient cicada myths and legends
"To the ancient Greeks the cicada symbolised resurrection, rebirth and immortality and is mentioned as being sacred to the ancient Greek sun god Apollo. Homer mentions cicadas in the Iliad around 9000 BC and compares the discourse of "sage chiefs exempt from war" to the song of the cicada.

"Ancient Greeks and Chinese made a habit of keeping male Cicadas in cages for the pleasure of hearing them sing. One Greek ode to the cicada says: 'We call you happy, O cicada, because after you have drunk a little dew in the treetops you sing like a queen'.

"Cicadas also had a powerful effect on artists as they feature on numerous coins both before and after the time of Christ. A number of beautiful gems have also been found from around 300 BC carved in the likeness of the cicada. The cicada's emergence from the earth was a powerful symbol for ancient Romans with members of the nobility taking to wearing a gold brooch featuring a cicada to hold back their hair.

"In Taoism the cicada is the symbol of the hsien, or soul, disengaging itself from the body at death. Cicadas also feature in Japanese carvings on small medicine boxes and they are mentioned in ancient Hindu law as long ago as 200 BC in India."
Source: The Summer of singing cicadas

 

Greengrocer, Yellow Monday Fact File    Australian cicadas    The Singing Cicadas    Bugbios

The cicada sounds page    Australian Cicadas    Cicada Central   Cicada Sing-Song

Cicada Mania: "Dedicated to the most amazing insect in the world"    More

 

 

 

 

1334 Amadeus VI (the Green Earl), Earl of Savoye

1567 François d'Aguilon, Jesuit physicist, mathematician,  and architect

1579 Willem Teellinck, Dutch theologian and vicar

1581 Bishop James Ussher (d. March 21, 1656), Archbishop of Armagh, Northern Ireland, who calculated Earth's creation at October 23, 4004 BCE. The Great Flood began on November 25, 2438 BCE.

1710 Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (d. 1736), composer

1720 Johann Friedrich Agricola (d. 1774), composer

 

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm1785 Jacob Grimm (Jakob Grimm), German folklorist and philologist, who was one half of the Brothers Grimm (Jakob at left of picture).

Jacob and his younger brother Wilhelm, were professors at Berlin, investigators of the early history and literature of Germany.

They published a large dictionary of the German language (Deutsches Wörterbuch), and their famous Grimm's Tales. They were better known in their day – and still are highly reputed – as linguists. They proposed the Great Vowel Shift of the 15th century, when English vowels changed from their Continental values. Jakob propounded Grimm's law  (an informal name for what is formally known as the First Germanic Consonant Shift), the first description of systematic phonetic transformation within a language.

"Before they could fall asleep a peasant woman appeared before their house, knocked on the door, and asked to be let inside. The girl got up immediately and told the woman that the dwarfs had only seven beds, and that there was no room there for anyone else. With this the woman became very angry and accused the girl of being a slut, thinking that she was cohabiting with all seven men. Threatening to make a quick end to such evil business, she went away in a rage.

"That same night she returned with two men, whom she had brought up from the bank of the Rhine. Together they broke into the house and killed the seven dwarfs …"
Not by Grimm, but 'The Death of the Seven Dwarfs', Ernst Ludwig Rochholz, Schweizersagen aus dem Aargau, vol. 1 (Aarau: Druck und Verlag von H. R. Sauerländer, 1856), no. 222, p. 312

Little Red Riding Hood    Hansel and Gretel    Rumpelstiltskin

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs    The Pied Piper of Hamelin    More

 

1809 Louis Braille (d. 1852), French inventor of alphabet for blind; blind from the age of three, at 15 he developed the famous system of writing for the blind

1813 Sir Isaac Pitman, English inventor of system of shorthand

1822 Georg Büchmann (d. 1884), philologist

1838 General Tom Thumb (Charles Sherwood Stratton; d. 1883), dwarf who was a famous circus performer

1878 Augustus John, Welsh painter

1881 Wilhelm Lehmbruck (d. 1919), sculptor

1896 Everett Dirksen (d. 1969), American politician

1914 Jane Wyman, American actress

1920 William Colby (d. April 27, 1996), USA Director of Central Intelligence who died in mysterious circumstances

1937 Dyan Cannon, American actress

1942 Mahavishnu John McLaughlin, English jazz fusion guitar player

1943 Doris Kearns Goodwin, writer

1960 Michael Stipe, singer (REM)

 

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