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16


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The Suffolk Coroner (Mr Charton) on Tuesday held an inquest at the Green Man Inn, Mendlesham, touching the death of a child, named Maggie Alberta Wade, daughter of Henry Wade, an agricultural labourer. The first witness called was the mother, Elizabeth Wade, who stated that last Friday the deceased pulled a cup of boiling soup over herself and was badly scalded. She did not send for a doctor, but at once sent for an old woman living in the neighbourhood, whose name is Brundish, who, according to witness, is possessed of supernatural powers in the cure of burns and scalds. The old woman came at once, and said some strange words over the child, and passed her hands across the injured parts. Witness, under these circumstances, did not consider the attendance of a medical man necessary, but notwithstanding the woman's incantation, the child died in 40 hours. Witness persisted in expressing her belief in the old woman's power, and said she really was a witch. The female referred to declined to reveal the words spoken, as she said she would lose her power. Other witnesses professed their faith in the professions of the old woman. Eventually, after the Coroner had commented on the superstition exhibited, medical evidence was given to the effect that the child's life could not have been saved.
Diss Express of December 16, 1893; in
Knowlson, T Sharper, The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs, T Werner Laurie, Ltd, London, 1930

Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
The most oft-quoted bon mot of
George Santayana, Spanish poet and philosopher, born on December 16, 1863

We need to devise a system in which peace will be more rewarding than war.
Margaret Mead, American anthropologist, born December 16, 1901

I have spent most of my life studying the lives of other peoples – faraway peoples – so that Americans might better understand themselves.
Margaret Mead

The male form of a female liberationist is a male liberationist — a man who realizes the unfairness of having to work all his life to support a wife and children so that someday his widow may live in comfort, a man who points out that commuting to a job he doesn't like is just as oppressive as his wife's imprisonment in a suburb …
Margaret Mead

Image believed to be public domain (Fair Use)

Arthur C Clarke, born on December 16, 1917

We are living beyond our means. As a people we have developed a life-style that is draining the earth of its priceless and irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around the world.
Margaret Mead

Be lazy, go crazy.
Motto of Margaret Mead

Never doubt that a small, group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead

We stand now at the turning point between two eras. Behind us is a past to which we can never return ... The coming of the rocket brought to an end a million years of isolation ... the childhood of our race was over and history as we know it began. 
Arthur C Clarke, British sci-fi writer, born on December 16, 1917; Exploration of Space, 1952

Behind every man now alive stand 30 ghosts, for that is the ratio by which the dead outnumber the living. 
Arthur C Clarke; 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968, 'Foreword'

Any teacher that can be replaced by a machine should be! 
Arthur C Clarke; Electronic Tutors, 1980

I would defend the liberty of consenting adult creationists to practice whatever intellectual perversions they like in the privacy of their own homes; but it is also necessary to protect the young and innocent. 
Arthur C Clarke; 1984: Spring, 1984

Clarke's Three Laws:

When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong. 
Arthur C Clarke; 'Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination', in his book Profiles of the Future,1962. This statement is often referred to as 'Clarke's First Law'.

The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible. 
Arthur C Clarke; 'Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination', ibid. This statement is often referred to as 'Clarke's Second Law'.

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. 
Arthur C Clarke; Profiles of the Future (revised edition 1973). The statement is often referred to as 'Clarke's Third Law'.

Hollywood is loneliness beside the swimming pool.
Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress and humanitarian, born on December 16, 1939

 

 

 

December 16 is the 350th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (351st in leap years), with 15 days remaining.
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Liquefaction of the blood of St Januarius 

The patron saint of blood banks, Naples and volcanic eruptions, (feast day, September 19), Januarius (or, Gennaro), Bishop of Benevento, was martyred in the Diocletian persecution of Christians. His head and a glass phial of his blood are preserved in a cathedral of Naples, where eighteen times a year the blood is shown publicly, having 'miraculously' liquefied. The blood relic has been known since 1389, more than a millennium after the saint's death.

The days on which the liquefaction takes place include his saint's day, September 19, the first Saturday in May, and on December 16, the anniversary of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1631, which, according to tradition, ended after the faithful prayed to the city's patron. Many pilgrims will today be hoping to see the miracle at the Cappella del Tesoro (Chapel of the Treasure, founded in 1608).

An anonymous traveller in 1389 was the first to document the miracle.

Diocletian had him roasted in a furnace, but he survived; he then set wild beasts on him, but they licked his feet. Then Januarius's head was severed, and a woman collected two phials of his blood. Later the ghost of Januarius directed a Neapolitan to find the severed head in a thicket. When the head and body were reunited the woman approached with the solidified blood, which re-liquefied. On the appointed days, it has done so ever since. Or, so it is said.

"The cry 'San Gennaro, fa dunque presto!' ('Do it quickly!') is often heard as the anxious seconds turn into minutes. If the blood liquefies – a dramatic phenomenon that baffles even modern science – all is well and the Neapolitans erupt in jubilation. If it remains congealed, then they fear the omen of disaster."   Source

"Spectral analysis of the simulated blood, a thixotropic gel of iron hydroxide (FeO(OH)), shows the absorption spectrum to be similar to old blood."
Better Blood Through Chemistry: A Laboratory Replication of a Miracle

Procedure to Synthesize a Thixotropic mixture    Feast of San Gennaro

 

Aztec Malinalli Day

"The protector of day Malinalli (Grass) is Patecatl. This day signifies tenacity, rejuvenation, that which cannot be uprooted forever. Malinalli is a day for persevering against all odds and for creating alliances that will survive the test of time. It is a good day for those who are suppressed, a bad day for their suppressors."
Source

Aztec calendar

 

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Day of Reconciliation, formerly Day of the Covenant, South Africa

This annual public holiday is intended to foster reconciliation between different South African racial groups, and came into effect in 1994 after the end of Apartheid.

"Today, December 16, is a religious holiday in South Africa. On December 9, 1838, Boer commander Andries Pretorius and his 460 men vowed to observe an annual day of thanksgiving if God granted them victory over the Zulus. Seven days later they met 10,000 Zulu warriors in battle. Afterwards 3,000 Zulus lay dead, with only two Boers injured. Pretorius thanked God, and kept his promise. In 1864 the Boer Transvaal Republic proclaimed December 16 a religious holiday.

"The holiday was established on December 16, 1838, in commemoration of the victory of the Voortrekkers over Dingaan and his Zulus at the Battle of Blood River. The holiday was once called Dingaan's Day."
Gregory, Ruth W, Anniversaries and Holidays, American Library Association, Chicago, 1983, 161

"In apartheid South Africa 16 December was known as Day of the Vow, as the Voortrekkers in preparation for the battle took a Vow before God that they would build a church and that they and their descendants would observe the day as a day of thanksgiving should they be granted victory. With the advent of democracy in South Africa 16 December retained its status as a public holiday, however, this time with the purpose of fostering reconciliation and national unity."   Source

South African holidays reflect human aspirations

South African Public Holidays    More    And more    Yet more

See Battle of Blood River below

 

Poseidea, ancient Greece
Poseideon is the sixth month of the Athenian year, its name being derived from the festival of Poseidea (8th day of Poseideon), dedicated to the god Poseidon, god of the sea, horses and earthquakes. This is an approximate date of Poseidea (proposed by The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar), which have been as early as November 28 by the Gregorian calendar, and later in the year than today. (The Attic calendar is still not perfectly understood and dates are difficult to pin down.)

Festivals in ancient Greece

Egyptian day (dies egypticus, dies ægypticus or dies mala), unlucky day in Medieval Europe. ("But, notwithstanding, I will trust the Lord" was the associated saying.)

Halcyon Days, ancient Rome (Dec 14 - 28)

Advent (Nov 30 - Dec 25), season of the coming of Jesus Christ

Feast day of St Ado, Archbishop of Vienna, confessor

Feast day of St Adelaide of Italy (Alice), empress of Germany
(Chinese arbor vitæ, Thuja orientalis, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)
St Adelaide of Italy (931 - December 16, 999) was the daughter of Rudolf II of Burgundy, King of Italy.

Feast day of St Agricola

Feast day of St Albina

Feast day of St Bean (Beanus), Bishop in Leinster

Feast day of St Beoc

Feast day of St Concordus

Feast day of St Irenion

Feast day of St Judicael

Feast day of St Mary Fontanella

Feast day of St Navalis

Feast day of St Nicholas Chrysoberges

Feast day of St Raynald de Bar

Feast day of St Sebastian Maggi

Feast day of St Valentine

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Kasuga Wakamira (Shrine) Matsuri, continues (Dec 13 - 18), at Nara Prefecture

National Day, Bahrain

Independence Day, Kazakhstan

Constitution Day, Nepal

 

Feast day of Sapienta, ancient Rome
Or, Sophia (goddess of wisdom). Immediately precedes the binge time of year when wisdom might not prevail. 
Nigel Pennick, The Pagan Book of Days, Destiny Books, Rochester, Vermont, USA, 1992

O Sapienta, Church of England calendar
So called because of the first words of the Latin anthem formerly sung in the church, "O sapienta quae ex ore altissimi prodidisti etc", sung from this day till Christmas Eve: an Advent hymn.
William Hone, The Every-Day Book, or a Guide to the Year, William Tegg and Co., London, 1878; 1825-'26 edition online

Traditionally, the Christmas season is reckoned to start from now. 
Robert Chambers, (Ed.), The Book of Days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar, etc, W & R Chambers, London, 1881 (1879 Edition is online and 1869 edition here with CD-ROM available; See also The English Year: A Personal Selection from Chambers's Book of Days)

Las Posadas, Mexico
Ritual enactment of nativity of Holy Child to Tonantzin/Mary/Guadalupe. 
(Source: The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar)

"In Mexico during the nine nights before Christmas, children re-enact the drama of Mary and Joseph searching for room at the inn. They dress up and process from house to house, looking for shelter (Las Posadas means inn or shelter). One child, dressed as an angel heads the procession, followed by two people dressed as Mary and Joseph (or carrying statues of Mary and Joseph) followed by others carrying lighted candles. At each home they come to, they sing a vilancicos, a medieval Spanish carol, which features improvised lines by the members of the group. 'En nombre del ciel,' they beg ('in heaven's name') but the reply is always 'Marchad a otra parte, y buena venture' ('move on elsewhere and good luck') until they reach a house where one family sings 'Pase la escogida' ('Let the chosen one enter').

"Once inside they place their lighted candles around the nacimiento (nativity scene) and say a prayer and a blessing for their generous hosts. Then it's time for a party featuring fruit, hot punch, bunelos (pastries) and sometimes tamales or pozole (a thick stewlike dish).

"In some parts of Mexico a pinata is broken on each of the nine nights of Las Posadas. In other places, it is broken only on Christmas Eve. The pinata, made of paper mache over a clay pot, is filled with treats including nuts, fresh limes, sugar canes and small green fruits.

"Pastorelas, or shepherd's plays, are also performed during this time period. These plays were introduced by Franciscan friars. A group of shepherds start towards Bethlehem, but are tempted by devils. Angels rush in to rescue the shepherds and drive off the devils. These plays feature singing, dancing and satire, much like the medieval English mummer's plays which were often performed during the winter holidays."   Source

Bijoy Dibosh, Victory Day, Bangladesh
"December 16. On this day, after the nine month long independence war with Pakistan, the occupying armed forces of Pakistan formally surrendered to the allied forces of Bangladesh and India."   Source

 

 

 

1485 Catherine of Aragon (d. 1536), Queen of England

1742 Gebhard Fürst Blücher von Wahlstatt (d. 1819), general field marshal

1770 Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1827), composer

1775 Jane Austen (d. 1817), English novelist (Emma; Pride and Prejudice)

Jane Austen Society of North America    Jane Austen Society (UK)

Jane Austen Society of Australia    More    And more

1776 Johann Wilhelm Ritter (d. 1810), physicist

1790 King Leopold I of Belgium (d. 1865)

1861 Antonio de La Gandara (d. 1917), painter

1863 George Santayana (d. 1952), Spanish poet and philosopher (Egotism in German Philosophy; Idea of Christ in the Gospels)

More    And more

1865 Olavo Bilac (d. 1918), Brazilian poet of the Parnassian school

1870 Alfred Hill, Australian composer, conductor and teacher

1882 Zoltán Kodály, (d. 1967) composer

1882 Walther Meissner, physicist

1888 King Alexander of Yugoslavia (d. 1934)

1899 Sir Noel Coward (d. 1973), English playwright, composer and actor (Private Lives; Blithe Spirit)  

More

 

1901 Margaret Mead (d. November 15, 1978), American anthropologist, famous for her work in Samoa, much of which today is viewed with suspicion due to the iconoclastic research by New Zealand anthropologist, Derek Freeman.

Freeman's findings raised questions about the conventional anthropological view of the primacy of social conditioning in cultural determinism, and suggest greater interaction between that factor and biological ones. Freeman came under intense academic attack, often from many sociologists whose Marxist orientation tended to disallow biological influences upon culture.

Mead, however, cannot be portrayed as simply an antagonist to propositions of genetic determinism. EO Wilson, often considered the founder of sociobiology, recalled that Mead invited him to dinner to discuss sociobiology. He remembers, "I was nervous then, expecting America's mother figure to scold me about the nature of genetic determinism. I had nothing to fear. She wanted to stress that she, too, had published ideas on the biological basis of social behavior" (1994, 348). Mead's interest in the role of biology in human behaviour was apparent in her later career.

The debate continues.

More on Mead    More on the Freeman-Mead controversy    Critique of Freeman    Mead Hoax

 

1905 Piet Hein, Danish mathematician, inventor, poet and author

 

1917 Sir Arthur C Clarke, CBE (d. March 19, 2008), British author and inventor, probably most famous for his science fiction novel 2001: A Space Odyssey

Clarke devised the idea of geostationary satellites in a scientific paper titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?", published in Wireless World in October 1945 (before he had obtained a first class degree in mathematics and physics at King's College, London). The geostationary orbit is now known as the Clarke orbit in his honour.

Clarke has also been awarded the 1982 Marconi International Fellowship; a gold medal from the Franklin Institute; the Vikram Sarabhai Professorship of the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; the Lindbergh Award and a Fellowship at King's College, London. He was awarded the 2004 Heinlein Award.

" … it was [Clarke] who proposed, in 1945, in a letter written to 'Wireless Magazine' that three satellites, arranged triangularly around the Earth, could relay radio signals around the world. At that time, television, as we know it, was only experimental, having been introduced to the public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Clarke further noted that if an object (satellite) could be sent far enough from Earth into an orbit, it would rotate at the same speed and in direct proportion to the Earth's rotation. 

"In the '40s, the world learned of the speed capability of Hitler's V-2 rockets, but developing a payload capable of sending a satellite 22,300 miles above the Earth was still quite premature. It was not until 1957 when the Soviet Union placed the first satellite, Sputnik, into orbit. It was not located in what is now called the geostationary orbit - 22,300 miles directly above the equator - but in a lower orbit circling the Earth. However, the technological road was paved and the United States pressed forward. The first U.S. satellite, score, broadcast the first taped message from space in December, 1958. By 1963, the technology was advanced enough to place a satellite in a geostationary arc 22,300 miles above the Earth. In recent years, Arthur C. Clarke has finally been recognized as the inventor of the geostationary satellite system and the belt or arc is now known as the 'Clarke Belt.'"   Source

Sci-fi writer's knighthood ceremony delayed    Arthur C. Clarke quotes at Wikiquote

The Motif of First Contact in Arthur C. Clarke's SF Works, by Zoran Zivkovic

Sir Arthur C. Clarke links    Clarke image archive    2000 Photo

Arthur C Clarke: The Science and the Fiction    Arthur C Clarke Awards

Institute for Cooperation in Space    The Arthur C. Clarke Foundation    More    And more

 

1920 Dorothy Abbott (d. 1968), actress

1926 James McCracken (d. 1988), American tenor

1928 Philip K Dick (d. 1982), American science fiction writer (Flow My Tears the Policeman Said; Crack in Space; Man in the High Castle; Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?; Time Out of Joint)

More

1938 Liv Ullman, Norwegian actress well known for appearing in films directed by Ingmar Bergman (with whom she has a daughter, author Linn Ullmann). Her films include Cries and Whispers; Autumn Sonata Ullman was a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF from 1980.

1941 Lesley Stahl, journalist

1943 Steven Bochco, producer, writer

1946 Benny Andersson, Swedish singer, songwriter (ABBA)

1946 Trevor Pinnock, English conductor, harpsichordist

1961 Bill Hicks (d. 1994), comedian

1963 Benjamin Bratt, actor (Law & Order)

 

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714 Death of Pippin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia (b. 635 or 640).

999 Death of St Adelaide of Italy (b. 931).

1392 Emperor Go-Kameyama of Japan abdicated in favour of rival claimant Go-Komatsu, ending the Nanboku-chō period of competing imperial courts.

1515 Death of Afonso de Albuquerque  (b. 1453), Portuguese naval general (at sea).

1631 Italy: Mount Vesuvius erupted, destroying six villages and killing 4,000.

1653 Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector (virtual autocrat) of England, Scotland and Ireland.

1689 Following the Glorious Revolution, the English Parliament adopted the Bill of Rights.

1742 "A Fellow of the Royal Society in London was about to cross St. Jame's [sic] Park on his way home from a meeting on December 16, 1742, when he was startled by the appearance of a remarkable celestial object:

"'... a light arose from behind the trees and houses, to the south and west, which at first I thought was a rocket, of large size. But when it rose 20 degrees, it moved parallel to the horizon, and waved like this - - he draws an undulating line – and went on in the direction of north by east. It seemed very near, its motion was very slow. I had it for about half a mile in view. A light flame was turned backward by the resistance the air made to it. From, one end, it emitted a bright glare and fire like that of a burning charcoal. That end was a flame like bars of iron, and quite opaque to my sight. At one point, on the longitudinal frame, or cylinder, issued a train in the shape of a tail of light more bright at one point on the rod or cylinder; so that it was transparent for more than half of its length. The head of this strange object seemed about half a degree in diameter, and the tail near three degrees in length.'

"The observer signed himself 'C.M.,' probably preferring to remain anonymous to avoid the expected skepticism and scoffing of his fellow members. (Harold T. Wilkins, Flying Saucers on the Attack, p. 206)"   Source

1773 The Boston Tea Party: A group of colonial vandals disguised as native American terrorists boarded three British ships in Boston Harbour and emptied 342 chests – nine thousand pounds worth – of tea into the water, in protest against the Tea Tax. A great piece of situationist theatre.

1783 Death of Johann A Hasse, composer.

1783 Death of William James (b. c. 1720), naval commander.

1809 Napoleon divorced his wife the Empress Josephine because she had not provided him with an heir.

1811 The first of a series of severe earthquakes occurred, in the vicinity of New Madrid, Missouri in the United States.

1817 The stonework was completed for convict architect Francis Greenway's lighthouse at South Head, Sydney, Australia. Greenway, a convicted forger transported from England, earned his pardon for this work.

1835 Much of New York City was consumed by a fire that destroyed 650 buildings. The estimated $22 million loss bankrupted most NYC insurance companies, precipitating the Panic of 1837 (Depression of 1837).

1838 Battle of Blood River: A small force of Boers from Cape Town, commanded by Andries Pretorius, defeated 10,000 Zulus, led by King Dingane (Dingaan), at Blood River, Natal, South Africa. Dingane's commander at the battle was Ndlela kaSompisi. Today is celebrated in South Africa as the day of the vow.

1848 The Illustrated London News reported on the evictions of Irish peasantry.

Reports on An Gorta Mor, from The Illustrated London News

Reports on An Gorta Mor, from The Times of London

Meagher & Young Irelanders page in the Scriptorium

More on An Gorta Mor (Irish Potato Famine; An Gorta Mór) in the Book of Days

An Gorta Mor    An Gorta Mor, the 'famine'    An Gorta Mor in Book of Days

The Great Shame: And the Triumph of the Irish in the English-Speaking World by Thomas Kenneally (Australian author of Schindler's Ark, which became Schindler's List, the movie)

 

1850 The first four immigrant ships arrived at the port of Lyttelton to settle Christchurch, New Zealand.

1859 Death of Wilhelm Grimm (b. 1786), folklorist.

1864 American Civil War: Union troops led by General George Thomas defeated Confederate troops in the Battle of Nashville.

1869 USA: A decree by Norton I, Emperor of the United States of America and Protector of Mexico, demanded that Sacramento clean its muddy streets and place gaslights on streets leading to the Capitol building.

1871 English poet and artist, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, responded to the anonymous attack, 'The Fleshly School of Poetry', by publishing 'The Stealthy School of Criticism'.

1893 Anton Dvorak's New World Symphony premiered at New York's Carnegie Hall.

1893 USA: At a benefit concert and ball held in New York City for Emma Goldman and others imprisoned for speaking at an August 21 demonstration, Voltairine de Cleyre delivered a speech, 'In Defense of Emma Goldman and the Right of Expropriation'.

Voltairine de Cleyre (1866 - 1912) was an American anarchist/feminist writer and theorist. She was the person who, in response to US Senator Joseph R. Hawley's offer of $1000 to have a shot at an anarchist, said:

You may, by merely paying your carfare to my home, shoot at me for nothing -- but if payment of the $1000 is a necessary part of your proposition, then when I have given you the shot, I will give the money to the propaganda of the idea of a free society in which there shall be neither assassins nor presidents, beggars nor senators.

Source: The Daily Bleed

1900 Italy and France agreed to respect each other's interests in North Africa.

1902 Four thousand were killed in an earthquake in Turkestan.

1903 Women voted for the first time in Australian general elections.

A world chronology of women's suffrage    US chronology    Louisa Lawson, Australian suffragette

1909 US marines forced the resignation of Nicaraguan president, José Santos Zelaya.

1910 Henri Coanda made first short flight in aircraft with a jet engine.

1913 Charlie Chaplin began his film career at the Keystone movie studios. His salary was $150 a week.

1920 China: One of the deadliest earthquakes in history hit the Gansu province of western China, causing massive landslides and the deaths of over 200,000 people. The earthquake, which measured an 8.5 magnitude on the Richter scale, affected an area of some 25,000 square miles, including ten major cities.

Source: The Daily Bleed

1922 Poland's President Gabriel Narutowicz was assassinated on the second day of his term.

1922 Russian dictator, VI Lenin, suffered a stroke that left him partially paralysed.

1929 The Roxbury coal mine in New South Wales, Australia, was attacked by locked-out miners.

1944 The Battle of the Bulge began in Ardennes, Belgium, with a counter-attack by 15 German divisions under General von Rundstedt. A V-2 rocket hit the Rex Cinema in Antwerp killing 567 people.

1946 Léon Blum became Prime Minister of France, his third government.

1949 On the Day of the Covenant, a South African national day, 250,000 Afrikaners attended the dedication of the Voortrekker Monument, a shrine to Boer pioneers of that country.

1954 American scientist, H Tracy Hall (1919 - 2008), became the first person to produce diamond from carbon using a verifiable and reproducible process.

1963 "In 1963 John Flaxton, 17, from Saltwood, Kent, and three friends walking along a country road near Sandling Park, Hythe, Kent, at night observed a 'star' which descended and followed them at a distance of 80 yards. Then a human-sized headless figure with bat-like wings and webbed feet shambled towards them and they fled. Later, flattened bracken and footprints two feet long were found. There are several reports of man-like creatures with bat-like wings like West Virginia's Mothman, the Cornish Owlman or the black bat woman spotted in Vietnam in 1969."   Source

1966 Mao Zedong's Little Red Book was published in Beijing.

1968 Spain revoked the order expelling Jews from the country, imposed by Queen Isabella in 1492.

1971 Pakistan surrendered, leading to the establishment of Bangladesh the following day.

1976 Australian indigenous people (see Australian aborigines, a term not used so much these days) were granted freehold title to former reserve land in the Northern Territory along with the right to claim other Crown Land.

1985 USA: In Manhattan, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti were shot dead when exiting from Sparks Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family.

1988 Edwina Currie, a junior health minister in Britain, was forced to resign following her controversial statement that most British eggs are infected with Salmonella.

1988 The Australian government announced that the entire continent had finally been recorded on topographic maps for the first time.

1989 The Romanian Revolution began in the city of Timişoara as a protest against an attempt by the government to evict a dissident Methodist priest, László Tőkés.

1989 Azaria case: Australia: At the inquest into the death of baby Azaria Chamberlain, a foreign expert witness, Professor Cameron, said that the baby's jump suit had been cut with scissors and the child decapitated. It is now generally accepted that Azaria had been taken by a dingo (Australian native dog). See also Lindy Chamberlain.

1990 Despite US funding for his opposition, a young Roman Catholic priest, the Rev. Jean-Bertrand Aristide, was elected president of Haiti in that nation's first fully free vote since the 1986 fall of the 'Baby Doc' Duvalier (son of 'Papa Doc') regime.

1990 Rod Stewart, 45-year-old rock singer, married 22-year-old model, Rachel Hunter.

1991 The United Nations reversed a ruling that Zionism is racism, by 111-25, with 13 abstentions

1991 Stella Rimington became the first female Director General of Britain's MI5 security agency, and the first security boss to be named publicly.

1991 USA: Activists in Brussels, protesting Vatican funding for an observatory desecrating a sacred Apache site at Mount Graham, Arizona, brought a bulldozer up to a prominent local cathedral.

1997 More than 700 children in Japan were hospitalised after a televised cartoon triggered a condition called 'light epilepsy' or 'Nintendo epilepsy', which is caused by intense flashes of light viewed from close to the source.

1997 The highest wind speed ever measured – 236 mph – was recorded at Anderson Air Force Base in Guam as Typhoon Paka hit the Pacific island.

 

 

Weapons inspectors withdrawn from Iraq, 
not expelled by Saddam Hussein as reported

Richard Butler, book publicity shot used in Fair Use1998 Richard Butler (pictured), Australian diplomat and head of UNSCOM, the UN weapons inspection team withdrew the team from Iraq, to protect his staff from the air strikes that the US and UK governments were threatening. According to Butler, UNSCOM was ordered out of Iraq by the USA, not expelled by Saddam Hussein as so often asserted.

Within hours, Operation Desert Fox began: the US and UK began pre-emptively bombing Iraq – hundreds of cruise missiles raining down on the population, marking the start of strikes to punish the Baghdad government. An avalanche of US and British propaganda was published by a mostly unsuspecting world media, justifying the aggression and ignoring the destruction of Baghdad's utilities and the deaths of many innocent civilians and service people. On ABC's This Week (September 27, 2003), Colin Powell (USA Secretary of State under George W Bush) publicly lied that the Bill Clinton administration had "conducted a four-day bombing campaign in late 1998 based on the intelligence that he had. That resulted in the weapons inspectors being thrown out."

Funeral services were held for 68 people whom Iraqi officials say were killed in the raids. But Iraq's Ambassador to the UN, Nizar Hamdoon, said: "I'm told that the casualties are in the thousands in terms of numbers of people who were killed or wounded."

US bombs food storage, schools, college, maternity centres

Several weeks after the strikes, the UN children's fund, UNICEF, made a first preliminary assessment of damage to civilian facilities. They reported the destruction of a rice warehouse in Tikrit in northern Iraq, damage to ten schools in the southern port city of Basra, and an agricultural college in Kirkuk in northern Iraq received a direct hit. They said that in Baghdad medical and maternity centres, a water supply system and parts of the health and social affairs ministries were damaged.

Since Butler's forced withdrawal in the face of US-UK threats, many Western media and politicians have usually pretended to the public that Iraq "expelled" the team.

The events surrounding the withdrawal are recounted in Butler's book, Saddam Defiant: (2000):

"I received a telephone call from US Ambassador Peter Burleigh inviting me for a private conversation at the US mission ... Burleigh informed me that on instructions from Washington it would be 'prudent to take measures to ensure the safety and security of UNSCOM staff presently in Iraq.' I told him that I would act on his advice and remove my staff from Iraq."

Widely reported error that Iraq expelled the weapons inspectors

The 'mistake' has been made not only by pro-war people such as George W Bush in his State of the Union address ('the axis of evil' speech), Dick Cheney, Alexander Rose, the Canadian right-wing Washington correspondent of the National Post, and the editorial writers of the Sunday Times. It has also been made by those who have shown concern for the humanitarian situation in Iraq, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, UK Liberal Democrats foreign affairs spokesperson Menzies Campbell, and the usually trustworthy Guardian Middle East editor Brian Whitaker. The BBC often makes the same incorrect assertion, although it usually acknowledges its error when it is pointed out to them.

Richard Butler became a fierce critic of the invasion of Iraq, strongly criticising Australian Prime Minister Howard and marching with more than a quarter of a million others in the Sydney pro-peace march on February 16, 2003. On the morning of the peace march, he told ABC interviewer Terry Lane:

"I believe that there is a very real prospect now that the United States of America will attack Iraq without the approval of the UN Security Council. That is contrary to international law, it should not happen, and I believe the consequences of such an action could be possibly catastrophic. I also finally believe that war is almost certain not to be the solution to any of the problems that are posed by Saddam Hussein, and they are real problems. The smaller reason, not so small for we Australians, is, I don't know how to put this as simply as possible ... Let me just say that I'm sick to death of the lies that we're being told about this by the Prime Minister of Australia. I heard him again this morning on a national television interview, and it was shocking, it was astonishing to hear him duck and weave, including by the way, say that in answer to a question about the possible deaths of Iraqi women and children, that something broadly like, 'Well, you know, that was unfortunate but it was their fault that Saddam Hussein was their president, and that's how it goes'. Astonishing, and I'm really deeply distressed by his position …

"International law is important here, and we mustn't commit the terrible mistake and folly in our pursuit of a criminal, by ourselves breaking the law. Because then it brings the whole system into disrepute and that is what I fear we face if the Americans go it alone here. We will trash 50 years of post World War II international law and replace it with the rule that might is right, and that's what we've been trying to get away from."   Source

Myths of the 'War on Terrorism' and Iraq

Mother Jones Iraq War Timeline (8/1/90 - 6/21/03)

Iraq crisis timeline    Chronology from UNSCOM website   

How US Congress was fooled by a PR firm and the daughter of the Ambassador of Kuwait

How the West made a Highway of Death in Iraq

 

1999 Mud streams killed thousands in Venezuela.

 

Prescott Bush2000 USA: The president of the Florida Holocaust Museum recently noted that George W Bush's Skull and Bones grandfather derived a portion of his personal fortune through his affiliation with a Nazi-controlled bank.

John Loftus, former prosecutor in the Justice Department's Nazi War Crimes Unit, said Bush's grandfather, Prescott Bush (pictured), was a principal in the Union Banking Corp. in the late 1930s and the 1940s.

Leading Nazi industrialists secretly owned the bank and were moving money into it through a second bank in Holland even after the US declared war. The bank was liquidated in 1951 and Bush's grandfather and great-grandfather received $1.5 million as part of that dissolution. That money flows into American politics today, Loftus said, from "a series of multinational corporations behaving like pirates. They don't care about ideology; they care about money."

"That's where the Bush family fortune came from: It came from the Third Reich."

Loftus is the co-author (with Mark Aarons) of Unholy Trinity, documenting the Swiss bank accounts that harboured funds confiscated from Holocaust victims and the participation of Italian Catholic priests in smuggling Nazi war criminals to safe haven in Canada, Central and South America and the United States after the war.

Source: The Daily Bleed

 

2000 NASA announced that there is an ocean beneath Jupiter moon Ganymede's icy surface.

2003 Deborah Jin induced the formation of a fermionic condensate among fermionic atoms.

 

 

Tomorrow: Saturnalia

 

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Wikipedia and David Brown's prodigious Daily Bleed are both excellent resources that aid my research.
I frequently make use of their generously liberal 'fair use', 'copyleft' and 'anti-copyright' policies, with much gratitude.
© My own copyright policy is also liberal, but as this is my livelihood, conditions apply.

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