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16


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The Suffolk Coroner (Mr Charton) on Tuesday held an inquest at the Green Man Inn, Mendlesham, touching the death of a child, named Maggie Alberta Wade, daughter of Henry Wade, an agricultural labourer. The first witness called was the mother, Elizabeth Wade, who stated that last Friday the deceased pulled a cup of boiling soup over herself and was badly scalded. She did not send for a doctor, but at once sent for an old woman living in the neighbourhood, whose name is Brundish, who, according to witness, is possessed of supernatural powers in the cure of burns and scalds. The old woman came at once, and said some strange words over the child, and passed her hands across the injured parts. Witness, under these circumstances, did not consider the attendance of a medical man necessary, but notwithstanding the woman's incantation, the child died in 40 hours. Witness persisted in expressing her belief in the old woman's power, and said she really was a witch. The female referred to declined to reveal the words spoken, as she said she would lose her power. Other witnesses professed their faith in the professions of the old woman. Eventually, after the Coroner had commented on the superstition exhibited, medical evidence was given to the effect that the child's life could not have been saved.
Diss Express of December 16, 1893; in
Knowlson, T Sharper, The Origins of Popular Superstitions and Customs, T Werner Laurie, Ltd, London, 1930

Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
The most oft-quoted bon mot of
George Santayana, Spanish poet and philosopher, born on December 16, 1863

We need to devise a system in which peace will be more rewarding than war.
Margaret Mead, American anthropologist, born December 16, 1901

I have spent most of my life studying the lives of other peoples – faraway peoples – so that Americans might better understand themselves.
Margaret Mead

The male form of a female liberationist is a male liberationist — a man who realizes the unfairness of having to work all his life to support a wife and children so that someday his widow may live in comfort, a man who points out that commuting to a job he doesn't like is just as oppressive as his wife's imprisonment in a suburb …
Margaret Mead

Image believed to be public domain (Fair Use)

Arthur C Clarke, born on December 16, 1917

We are living beyond our means. As a people we have developed a life-style that is draining the earth of its priceless and irreplaceable resources without regard for the future of our children and people all around the world.
Margaret Mead

Be lazy, go crazy.
Motto of Margaret Mead

Never doubt that a small, group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.
Margaret Mead

We stand now at the turning point between two eras. Behind us is a past to which we can never return ... The coming of the rocket brought to an end a million years of isolation ... the childhood of our race was over and history as we know it began. 
Arthur C Clarke, British sci-fi writer, born on December 16, 1917; Exploration of Space, 1952

Behind every man now alive stand 30 ghosts, for that is the ratio by which the dead outnumber the living. 
Arthur C Clarke; 2001: A Space Odyssey, 1968, 'Foreword'

Any teacher that can be replaced by a machine should be! 
Arthur C Clarke; Electronic Tutors, 1980

I would defend the liberty of consenting adult creationists to practice whatever intellectual perversions they like in the privacy of their own homes; but it is also necessary to protect the young and innocent. 
Arthur C Clarke; 1984: Spring, 1984

Clarke's Three Laws:

When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible, he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is very probably wrong. 
Arthur C Clarke; 'Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination', in his book Profiles of the Future,1962. This statement is often referred to as 'Clarke's First Law'.

The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible. 
Arthur C Clarke; 'Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination', ibid. This statement is often referred to as 'Clarke's Second Law'.

Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. 
Arthur C Clarke; Profiles of the Future (revised edition 1973). The statement is often referred to as 'Clarke's Third Law'.

Hollywood is loneliness beside the swimming pool.
Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress and humanitarian, born on December 16, 1939

 

 

 

December 16 is the 350th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (351st in leap years), with 15 days remaining.
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Liquefaction of the blood of St Januarius 

The patron saint of blood banks, Naples and volcanic eruptions, (feast day, September 19), Januarius (or, Gennaro), Bishop of Benevento, was martyred in the Diocletian persecution of Christians. His head and a glass phial of his blood are preserved in a cathedral of Naples, where eighteen times a year the blood is shown publicly, having 'miraculously' liquefied. The blood relic has been known since 1389, more than a millennium after the saint's death.

The days on which the liquefaction takes place include his saint's day, September 19, the first Saturday in May, and on December 16, the anniversary of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1631, which, according to tradition, ended after the faithful prayed to the city's patron. Many pilgrims will today be hoping to see the miracle at the Cappella del Tesoro (Chapel of the Treasure, founded in 1608).

An anonymous traveller in 1389 was the first to document the miracle.

Diocletian had him roasted in a furnace, but he survived; he then set wild beasts on him, but they licked his feet. Then Januarius's head was severed, and a woman collected two phials of his blood. Later the ghost of Januarius directed a Neapolitan to find the severed head in a thicket. When the head and body were reunited the woman approached with the solidified blood, which re-liquefied. On the appointed days, it has done so ever since. Or, so it is said.

"The cry 'San Gennaro, fa dunque presto!' ('Do it quickly!') is often heard as the anxious seconds turn into minutes. If the blood liquefies – a dramatic phenomenon that baffles even modern science – all is well and the Neapolitans erupt in jubilation. If it remains congealed, then they fear the omen of disaster."   Source

"Spectral analysis of the simulated blood, a thixotropic gel of iron hydroxide (FeO(OH)), shows the absorption spectrum to be similar to old blood."
Better Blood Through Chemistry: A Laboratory Replication of a Miracle

Procedure to Synthesize a Thixotropic mixture    Feast of San Gennaro

 

Aztec Malinalli Day

"The protector of day Malinalli (Grass) is Patecatl. This day signifies tenacity, rejuvenation, that which cannot be uprooted forever. Malinalli is a day for persevering against all odds and for creating alliances that will survive the test of time. It is a good day for those who are suppressed, a bad day for their suppressors."
Source

Aztec calendar

 

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Day of Reconciliation, formerly Day of the Covenant, South Africa

This annual public holiday is intended to foster reconciliation between different South African racial groups, and came into effect in 1994 after the end of Apartheid.

"Today, December 16, is a religious holiday in South Africa. On December 9, 1838, Boer commander Andries Pretorius and his 460 men vowed to observe an annual day of thanksgiving if God granted them victory over the Zulus. Seven days later they met 10,000 Zulu warriors in battle. Afterwards 3,000 Zulus lay dead, with only two Boers injured. Pretorius thanked God, and kept his promise. In 1864 the Boer Transvaal Republic proclaimed December 16 a religious holiday.

"The holiday was established on December 16, 1838, in commemoration of the victory of the Voortrekkers over Dingaan and his Zulus at the Battle of Blood River. The holiday was once called Dingaan's Day."
Gregory, Ruth W, Anniversaries and Holidays, American Library Association, Chicago, 1983, 161

"In apartheid South Africa 16 December was known as Day of the Vow, as the Voortrekkers in preparation for the battle took a Vow before God that they would build a church and that they and their descendants would observe the day as a day of thanksgiving should they be granted victory. With the advent of democracy in South Africa 16 December retained its status as a public holiday, however, this time with the purpose of fostering reconciliation and national unity."   Source

South African holidays reflect human aspirations

South African Public Holidays    More    And more    Yet more

See Battle of Blood River below

 

Poseidea, ancient Greece
Poseideon is the sixth month of the Athenian year, its name being derived from the festival of Poseidea (8th day of Poseideon), dedicated to the god Poseidon, god of the sea, horses and earthquakes. This is an approximate date of Poseidea (proposed by The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar), which have been as early as November 28 by the Gregorian calendar, and later in the year than today. (The Attic calendar is still not perfectly understood and dates are difficult to pin down.)

Festivals in ancient Greece

Egyptian day (dies egypticus, dies ćgypticus or dies mala), unlucky day in Medieval Europe. ("But, notwithstanding, I will trust the Lord" was the associated saying.)

Halcyon Days, ancient Rome (Dec 14 - 28)

Advent (Nov 30 - Dec 25), season of the coming of Jesus Christ

Feast day of St Ado, Archbishop of Vienna, confessor

Feast day of St Adelaide of Italy (Alice), empress of Germany
(Chinese arbor vitć, Thuja orientalis, is today's plant, dedicated to this saint.)
St Adelaide of Italy (931 - December 16, 999) was the daughter of Rudolf II of Burgundy, King of Italy.

Feast day of St Agricola

Feast day of St Albina

Feast day of St Bean (Beanus), Bishop in Leinster

Feast day of St Beoc

Feast day of St Concordus

Feast day of St Irenion

Feast day of St Judicael

Feast day of St Mary Fontanella

Feast day of St Navalis

Feast day of St Nicholas Chrysoberges

Feast day of St Raynald de Bar

Feast day of St Sebastian Maggi

Feast day of St Valentine

Click for Eastern Orthodox liturgical days    Shop saints

Kasuga Wakamira (Shrine) Matsuri, continues (Dec 13 - 18), at Nara Prefecture

National Day, Bahrain

Independence Day, Kazakhstan

Constitution Day, Nepal

 

Feast day of Sapienta, ancient Rome
Or, Sophia (goddess of wisdom). Immediately precedes the binge time of year when wisdom might not prevail. 
Nigel Pennick, The Pagan Book of Days, Destiny Books, Rochester, Vermont, USA, 1992

O Sapienta, Church of England calendar
So called because of the first words of the Latin anthem formerly sung in the church, "O sapienta quae ex ore altissimi prodidisti etc", sung from this day till Christmas Eve: an Advent hymn.
William Hone, The Every-Day Book, or a Guide to the Year, William Tegg and Co., London, 1878; 1825-'26 edition online

Traditionally, the Christmas season is reckoned to start from now. 
Robert Chambers, (Ed.), The Book of Days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar, etc, W & R Chambers, London, 1881 (1879 Edition is online and 1869 edition here with CD-ROM available; See also The English Year: A Personal Selection from Chambers's Book of Days)

Las Posadas, Mexico
Ritual enactment of nativity of Holy Child to Tonantzin/Mary/Guadalupe. 
(Source: The Phoenix and Arabeth 1992 Calendar)

"In Mexico during the nine nights before Christmas, children re-enact the drama of Mary and Joseph searching for room at the inn. They dress up and process from house to house, looking for shelter (Las Posadas means inn or shelter). One child, dressed as an angel heads the procession, followed by two people dressed as Mary and Joseph (or carrying statues of Mary and Joseph) followed by others carrying lighted candles. At each home they come to, they sing a vilancicos, a medieval Spanish carol, which features improvised lines by the members of the group. 'En nombre del ciel,' they beg ('in heaven's name') but the reply is always 'Marchad a otra parte, y buena venture' ('move on elsewhere and good luck') until they reach a house where one family sings 'Pase la escogida' ('Let the chosen one enter').

"Once inside they place their lighted candles around the nacimiento (nativity scene) and say a prayer and a blessing for their generous hosts. Then it's time for a party featuring fruit, hot punch, bunelos (pastries) and sometimes tamales or pozole (a thick stewlike dish).

"In some parts of Mexico a pinata is broken on each of the nine nights of Las Posadas. In other places, it is broken only on Christmas Eve. The pinata, made of paper mache over a clay pot, is filled with treats including nuts, fresh limes, sugar canes and small green fruits.

"Pastorelas, or shepherd's plays, are also performed during this time period. These plays were introduced by Franciscan friars. A group of shepherds start towards Bethlehem, but are tempted by devils. Angels rush in to rescue the shepherds and drive off the devils. These plays feature singing, dancing and satire, much like the medieval English mummer's plays which were often performed during the winter holidays."   Source

Bijoy Dibosh, Victory Day, Bangladesh
"December 16. On this day, after the nine month long independence war with Pakistan, the occupying armed forces of Pakistan formally surrendered to the allied forces of Bangladesh and India."   Source

 

 

 

1485 Catherine of Aragon (d. 1536), Queen of England

1742 Gebhard Fürst Blücher von Wahlstatt (d. 1819), general field marshal

1770 Ludwig van Beethoven (d. 1827), composer

1775 Jane Austen (d. 1817), English novelist (Emma; Pride and Prejudice)

Jane Austen Society of North America    Jane Austen Society (UK)

Jane Austen Society of Australia    More    And more

1776 Johann Wilhelm Ritter (d. 1810), physicist

1790 King Leopold I of Belgium (d. 1865)

1861 Antonio de La Gandara (d. 1917), painter

1863 George Santayana (d. 1952), Spanish poet and philosopher (Egotism in German Philosophy; Idea of Christ in the Gospels)

More    And more

1865 Olavo Bilac (d. 1918), Brazilian poet of the Parnassian school

1870 Alfred Hill, Australian composer, conductor and teacher

1882 Zoltán Kodály, (d. 1967) composer

1882 Walther Meissner, physicist

1888 King Alexander of Yugoslavia (d. 1934)

1899 Sir Noel Coward (d. 1973), English playwright, composer and actor (Private Lives; Blithe Spirit)  

More

 

1901 Margaret Mead (d. November 15, 1978), American anthropologist, famous for her work in Samoa, much of which today is viewed with suspicion due to the iconoclastic research by New Zealand anthropologist, Derek Freeman.

Freeman's findings raised questions about the conventional anthropological view of the primacy of social conditioning in cultural determinism, and suggest greater interaction between that factor and biological ones. Freeman came under intense academic attack, often from sociologists whose Marxist orientation tends to disallow biological influences upon culture.

Mead, however, cannot be portrayed as simply an antagonist to propositions of genetic determinism. EO Wilson, often considered the founder of sociobiology, recalled that Mead invited him to dinner to discuss sociobiology. He remembers, "I was nervous then, expecting America's mother figure to scold me about the nature of genetic determinism. I had nothing to fear. She wanted to stress that she, too, had published ideas on the biological basis of social behavior" (1994, 348). Mead's interest in the role of biology in human behaviour was apparent in her later career.

The debate continues.

More on Mead    More on the Freeman-Mead controversy    Critique of Freeman

 

1905 Piet Hein, Danish mathematician, inventor, poet and author

 

1917 Sir Arthur C Clarke, CBE (d. March 19, 2008), British author and inventor, probably most famous for his science fiction novel 2001: A Space Odyssey

Clarke devised the idea of geostationary satellites in a scientific paper titled "Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?", published in Wireless World in October 1945 (before he had obtained a first class degree in mathematics and physics at King's College, London). The geostationary orbit is now known as the Clarke orbit in his honour.

Clarke has also been awarded the 1982 Marconi International Fellowship; a gold medal from the Franklin Institute; the Vikram Sarabhai Professorship of the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad; the Lindbergh Award and a Fellowship at King's College, London. He was awarded the 2004 Heinlein Award.

" … it was [Clarke] who proposed, in 1945, in a letter written to 'Wireless Magazine' that three satellites, arranged triangularly around the Earth, could relay radio signals around the world. At that time, television, as we know it, was only experimental, having been introduced to the public at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Clarke further noted that if an object (satellite) could be sent far enough from Earth into an orbit, it would rotate at the same speed and in direct proportion to the Earth's rotation. 

"In the '40s, the world learned of the speed capability of Hitler's V-2 rockets, but developing a payload capable of sending a satellite 22,300 miles above the Earth was still quite premature. It was not until 1957 when the Soviet Union placed the first satellite, Sputnik, into orbit. It was not located in what is now called the geostationary orbit - 22,300 miles directly above the equator - but in a lower orbit circling the Earth. However, the technological road was paved and the United States pressed forward. The first U.S. satellite, score, broadcast the first taped message from space in December, 1958. By 1963, the technology was advanced enough to place a satellite in a geostationary arc 22,300 miles above the Earth. In recent years, Arthur C. Clarke has finally been recognized as the inventor of the geostationary satellite system and the belt or arc is now known as the 'Clarke Belt.'"   Source

Sci-fi writer's knighthood ceremony delayed    Arthur C. Clarke quotes at Wikiquote

The Motif of First Contact in Arthur C. Clarke's SF Works, by Zoran Zivkovic

Sir Arthur C. Clarke links    Clarke image archive    2000 Photo

Arthur C Clarke: The Science and the Fiction    Arthur C Clarke Awards

Institute for Cooperation in Space    The Arthur C. Clarke Foundation    More    And more

 

1920 Dorothy Abbott (d. 1968), actress

1926 James McCracken (d. 1988), American tenor

1928 Philip K Dick (d. 1982), American science fiction writer (Flow My Tears the Policeman Said; Crack in Space; Man in the High Castle; Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?; Time Out of Joint)

More

1938 Liv Ullman, Norwegian actress well known for appearing in films directed by Ingmar Bergman (with whom she has a daughter, author Linn Ullmann). Her films include Cries and Whispers; Autumn Sonata Ullman was a goodwill ambassador for UNICEF from 1980.

1941 Lesley Stahl, journalist

1943 Steven Bochco, producer, writer

1946 Benny Andersson, Swedish singer, songwriter (ABBA)

1946 Trevor Pinnock, English conductor, harpsichordist

1961 Bill Hicks (d. 1994), comedian

1963 Benjamin Bratt, actor (Law & Order)

 

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